청소년 비행의 성차분석: '일반이론'을 중심으로
Gender and Delinquence in Korea: With a Application of General Theory
0
조회
0
다운로드
26
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The gender gap in deviance and crime is one of the debated issue in criminology. According to 'general theories' such as self-control theory, general strain theory, general learning theory, gender-gap of delinquency and crime can explain through deferences in their criminality(i. e., low self-control and high strain). But several scholars has criticize the issue that general theories are not able to account for female crime, and suggest the need for gender- or sex-specific theories. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the ability of 'general theory' to account for the 'gender gap' in delinquence and to explain for variations in delinquent behavior within gender groups. The data that we have analysed here were obtained from a self-reported survey conducted in Seoul in July, 2009. The sample consists of a total of 911 elementary school students aged between 10 and 12. In this study, we found that the relationship of gender to delinquence is significant when self-control, attachment, supervision, strain, and differential association with delinquent friends is controled into the analysis. Further, we tried to analyze males and females separately. Variables measuring self-control, supervision, and differential association with delinquent friends are related to males' delinquence, whereas strain to educational achievement and differential association with delinquent friends are strongly related for female's. And we wish this study to contribute to the understand and explanation of the relationship between gender gap in juvenile delinquence in our society. From our study, it is implied that future research should attempt to develop a more considerable model and the measures on the major concepts and analysis methods on these issue
Abstract
The gender gap in deviance and crime is one of the debated issue in criminology. According to 'general theories' such as self-control theory, general strain theory, general learning theory, gender-gap of delinquency and crime can explain through deferences in their criminality(i. e., low self-control and high strain). But several scholars has criticize the issue that general theories are not able to account for female crime, and suggest the need for gender- or sex-specific theories. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the ability of 'general theory' to account for the 'gender gap' in delinquence and to explain for variations in delinquent behavior within gender groups. The data that we have analysed here were obtained from a self-reported survey conducted in Seoul in July, 2009. The sample consists of a total of 911 elementary school students aged between 10 and 12. In this study, we found that the relationship of gender to delinquence is significant when self-control, attachment, supervision, strain, and differential association with delinquent friends is controled into the analysis. Further, we tried to analyze males and females separately. Variables measuring self-control, supervision, and differential association with delinquent friends are related to males' delinquence, whereas strain to educational achievement and differential association with delinquent friends are strongly related for female's. And we wish this study to contribute to the understand and explanation of the relationship between gender gap in juvenile delinquence in our society. From our study, it is implied that future research should attempt to develop a more considerable model and the measures on the major concepts and analysis methods on these issue
참고문헌 (43)
- 여자청소년의 비행실태에 관한 연구, "김준오", 한국형사정책연구원, ~ (1995)
- 백혜정, "성별에 따른 청소년들의 가정환경과 비행 경험 관계에서의 부모의 지지와 자기통제의 매개 효과", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 22(4), pp.37~56 (2009), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
- 이현희, "여성범죄 추이 및 관련 요인 분석", 矯正硏究, 26, pp.57~80 (2005), 한국교정학회
- 전영실, "성, 사회유대, 비행에 대한 연구 - 가족적 요인을 중심으로 -", 형사정책연구, 14(1), pp.313~348 (2003), 한국형사정책연구원
- 전영실, "여성 폭력범죄의 특성 및 대책", 矯正硏究, 22, pp.141~168 (2004), 한국교정학회
- 저연령소년의 비행실태 및 대책, "전영실", 한국형사정책연구원, ~ (2009)
- 조은경, "범죄에 대한 두려움에 있어서 남성과 여성의 차이", 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 9(1), pp.1~21 (2003), 한국사회문제심리학회
- Adler, F., "Sisters in Crime" (1975), Macraw-Hill
- Agnew, R., "Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency", Criminology, 30, pp.47~87 (1992)
- Akers, R.L., "Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Delinquence" (1998), Northeastern University Press
- Akers, R.L., "Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application" (2004), Roxbury Publishing Company
- Akers, R., "Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific test a General Theory", American Sociology Review, 44, pp.298~310 (1979)
- Alaid. L.F., "Gender and Crime among Felony Offenders: Assessing the Generality of Social Control and Differential Association Theories", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37, pp.171~199 (2000)
- Bartusch, D.J., "Gender, Reflected Appraisals, and Labeling: A Cross-Group Test of an Interactionist Theory of Delinquency", Social Forces, 75, pp.145~176 (1996)
- Berger, R., "Female Delinquency in Emancipation Era: A Review of the Literature", Sex Roles, 21, pp.375~399 (1990)
- Booth, J.A., "Social Control, Serious Delinquency, and Risky Behavior: A Gendered Analysis", Crime & Delinquency, 54, pp.423~456 (2008)
- Broidy, L., "Gender and Crime: A General Strain Theory Perspective", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, pp.275~306 (1997)
- Burton, V.S., "Gender, Self-Control, and Crime", Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, pp.123~147 (1998)
- Cernkovich, S.A., "A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Delinquency", Sociological Quarterly, 20, pp.131~145 (1979)
- Chapple, C.L., "Gender Differences in Impulsivity", Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5, pp.221~234 (2007)
- Chesney-Lind, M., "Girls' Crime and Women's Place: Toward a Feminist Model of Female Delinquency", Crime & Delinquency, 35, pp.5~39 (1989)
- Cloward, R.A., "Delinquency and Opportunity" (1960), Macmillan
- Cohen, A.K., "Delinquent Boys" (1955), Macmillan
- Daigle, L.E., "Gender Differences in the Predictors of Juvenile Delinquency: Assessing the Generality-Specificity Debate", Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5, pp.254~286 (2007)
- Daly, K., "Gender, Crime, and Punishment" (1994), Yale University Press
- Daly, K., "Feminism and Criminology", Justice Quarterly, 5, pp.497~538 (1988)
- Gottfredson, M., "A General Theory of Crime" (1990), Stanford University Press
- Grasmick, H., "Changes in the Sex Patterning of Perceived Threats of Sanction", Law and Society Review, 27, pp.679~705 (1993)
- Hartian, C.A., "Gender, Peers, and Delinquency: A Study of Boys and Girls in Rural France", Youth & Society, 34, pp.387~414 (2003)
- Higgins, G.E., "Sex and Self-control Theory: The Measures and Causal Model may be Different", Youth & society, 37, pp.479~503 (2006)
- Hirschi, T., "Causes of Delinquency" (1969), University of California Press
- Jensen, G.J., "Sex Differences in Delinquency: An Examination of Popular Sociological Explanations", Criminology, 13, pp.427~448 (1976)
- Kruttschnitt, C., "Contributions of Quantitative Methods to the Study of Gender and Crime, or Bootstrapping Our Way into the Theoretical Thicket", Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 12, pp.135~161 (1996)
- Kruttschnitt, C., "Introduction to the Special Issue on Gender, Crime, and Criminal Justice", Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9, pp.323~327 (1993)
- Meadows, S.O., "Evidence of Parallel Pathways: Gender Similarity in the Impact of Social Support on Adolescent Depression and Delinquency", Social Forces, 85, pp.1143~1167 (2007)
- Merton, R.K., "Social Structure and Anomie", American Sociological Review, 3, pp.678~682 (1938)
- Piquero, N .L., "The Influence of Delinquent Peers on Delinquency: Does Gender matter?", Youth & society, 36, pp.251~275 (2005)
- Piquero, N .L., "Gender, General Strain Theory, Negative Emotions, and Disordered Eating", Journal of Youth Adolescence, 39, pp.380~392 (2010)
- Piquero, N .L., "Gender and General Strain Theory: A Preliminary Test of Broidy and Agnew's Gender", GST Hypotheses, 2004, pp.21, 125~158
- Smith, D., "The Gender Gap in Theories of Deviance: Issue and Evidence", Criminology, 24, pp.140~172 (1987)
- Steffensmeier, D., "Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered theory of Female Offending", Annual review of Sociology, 22, pp.459~487 (1996)
- Tittle, C.R., "Gender, Age, and Crime", Deviance: A Challenge to Self-control Theory, 2003, pp.40, 426~453
- Sutherland, E., "Principles of Criminology" (1955), J. B. Lippincott Com.