긴장과 청소년 비행
Strain and Juvenile Delinquency in Korean Context
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초록
애그뉴의 일반긴장이론은 비행 및 범죄와 부정적 감정에 대한 긴장의 의미 있는 효과들을 산출하는 데 어느 정도 성공하였다. 하지만 다음과 같은 몇 가지 쟁점들, 즉 (1) 비행과 범죄에 대한 부정적 감정의 효과, (2) 학습이나 통제요인과는 독립적으로 작동하는 비행과 범죄에 대한 긴장의 변별적 효과, (3) 애그뉴가 대응전략의 선택에 영향을 미칠 것으로 간주한 조건화 요인, (4) 긴장과 조건화 요인간 상호작용이 다양한 유형의 비행에 미치는 영향, (5) 긴장, 조건화 요인, 상호작용 요인들이 비행에 미치는 효과들에 대한 성별 차이와 관련해서 봤을 때, 논의 결과들은 혼합적이다. 이 논문은 한국 청소년 패널자료(2003-2007)를 통해 일반긴장이론으로부터 추출된 이와 같은 쟁점들(긴장, 부정적 감정, 조건화 및 상호작용 요인과 비행성의 관계)을 경험적으로 논증하려는 것이다. 각 쟁점들에 대한 분석 결과는 성별에 따라 비교되었다. 비록 단계별 OLS 회귀분석의 모든 결과들이 이론적 기대와 부합한 것은 아니지만, 그것들은 대체적으로 위의 가설들을 지지하고 있었다. 첫째, 분노뿐만 아니라 다른 형태의 부정적 감정들도 비행적 대응에 대한 긴장의 효과를 매개하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 학교 성적, 부정적 낙인, 범죄피해와 같은 긴장은 성별에 관계없이 한국 청소년의 지위비행과 심각한 비행(폭력 및 재산관련 비행)을 설명하는 데 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기통제력과 비행친구와의 교제는 부분적으로 긴장과 부정적 감정이 비행에 미치는 효과를 완화 혹은 증폭하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 부모와의 유대가 갖는 조건화 효과는 충분한 경험적인 지지를 받지 못했다. 마지막으로 후속 연구를 위해, 분석결과들의 함의와 이 연구의 한계가 언급되었다.
Abstract
Although previous research on Agnew's(1992) general strain theory(GST) tends to yield significant effects of strain on negative emotions as well as deviance and crime, results tend to be mixed with regard to (1) the effects of negative emotions on deviance and crime, (2) the distinctive effects of strain, (3) conditioning factors that Agnew suggests affect the selection of coping strategies, (4) interaction factors between strain and conditioning factors on various types of delinquency, and (5) gender differences in the effects of different types of strain, conditioning effects, and interaction terms on delinquency. To address theses issues, I test hypotheses, derived from GST, about the relationships among strain, negative emotions, conditioning and interaction factors, and deviant coping by analyzing data from Korean Youth Panel Survey(2003-2007). The study compared girls and boys on the amount of variance in delinquency that main and interaction effects explained. A series of stepwise OLS regression results generally support the hypotheses, although not always in the expected direction. First, fully mediating the effects of strain on deviant coping, negative emotions have consistently significant effects on deviance, including both anger and other expressions of negative affect. Second, stressful events and negative relationships, such as school grades, negative labeling from others, and the experiences of crime victim were significantly related to Korean student's status delinquency and serious deviant behavior(violent deviance/property-related deviance), regardless of sex differences. Third, while attachment on parents as conditioning factors failed to receive fully empirical support, self-control and association with deviant peers and was found to partially buffer or amplify the effects of strain and negative emotions on deviance. Finally, the limitations of the current study, as well as the implications of our findings for further development of GST were discussed.
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