푸코의 에피스테메(épistémè) 구분에 따른 코메니우스 『세계도회』의 유형 분석

Abstract

In his book The Order of Things (Les Mots et les choses)(1966) M. Foucault defined ‘épistémè’ as a ‘transcendental condition’ of thought history or as an ‘order of discourse' whose object extracts the disciplinary domain or knowledge in the certain epoch. The épistémè has a discontinuous characteristic as far as it is a ‘unconscious fundament' which gives world of things an order in a particular way. On a basis of such a definition Foucault assorts the periods of European thought history as Renaissance, classical, and modern. This article tries to analyze Comenius' Orbis Sensualium Pictus(1631) on the basis of épistémè typology of Foucault. There can be two possibilities of its analysis: One is an interpretative mode that the Comenius' book would reflect the one of representation as the typical épistémè in the classical epoch, and the other interpretation shows that his work would have the transitional characteristic from the Renaissance into the classical. The ground for the representation épistémè in the classical epoch lies in the fact that the description method of 150 categories represented through things would intend to correspond between words and things. On the other hand the stereotyping as the transitional épistémè is grounded upon the fact that the cosmological picture consisting of Comenius' pansophism shows the world order based upon the analogous correspondent relationship between language and things, as well as moves into the space of representation, in which the transition into the symbol such as language detached from things comes out. Especially in order to discuss the possibility of transitional stereotyping, this paper examined the several advanced researches from Japanese community of pedagogy.