제2기 부시 행정부의 대북정책과 핵문제: 진단과 전망
The Bush Administration Policy toward North Korea in the Second Term and N. Korean Nuclear Crisis: Diagnosis and Prospect
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제1기 부시 행정부의 ‘악의 축’에 설정에 이어 ‘폭정의 종식’과 ‘자유의 증진’이라고 하는 한층 이념화된 양상을 띤 제2기 부시 행정부의 대외정책기조와의 조응성의 차원에서 볼 때, 미국의 대북정책방향은 다양한 압박수단의 실제적인 동원이 이뤄지는 적극적이며 단계적인 대북압박정책이 예상된다. 한편, 동북아 세력균형의 중심축인 미-중관계의 현실, 남북화해를 적극적으로 추진하고자 하는 동맹국인 한국의 입장, 그리고 군사적 선택을 제약하는 한반도의 군사 현실 등의 맥락에서는 부시 행정부의 협상행태 우선의 현실주의적인 유연한 대북정책 추진 가능성도 예상된다. 요컨대, 제2기 부시 행정부의 대북정책 방향은 대북강경론이 기조를 이루는 가운데 협상론의 접근방식이 선택적으로 적용될 것인바, 미국이 자신의 우월한 힘을 바탕으로 미국의 원칙과 이익에 상응하도록 북한의 이익을 조정케 하는 ‘조건부 개입정책’(conditional engagement)으로 구체화될 가능성이 높다. 미국의 원칙론적 대북정책과 북한의 완고한 대미긴장의 협상태도가 지속되는 한 북핵문제의 조기타결 가능성에 무게를 두기는 어렵다.
Abstract
The Bush Administration Policy toward North Korea in the Second Term will be restricted by the Bush administration's strategy of foreign policy which pursues enlargement of liberty and extermination of tyranny. At this point, the Bush Administration policy toward North Korea depends on its several coercive powers. That is to say, it means fundamental stance toward DPRK. On the other hand, the Bush administration may choose cooperative attitude toward DPRK. Because Washington should consider the regional balance of power, Seoul's efforts for reconciliation in the Korean Peninsula, and negative effects of military options. After all, the Bush administration policy toward Pyongyang will mainly depend on fundamental attitude, but Washington's cooperative approach toward N. Korean nuclear issues can appear. Namely, the Bush Administration will choose conditional engagement toward N. Korean Nuclear problems. The understanding distance between the United states and North Korea on the nuclear problems cannot be easily narrowed. In the near future, it seems to be difficult to attain a settlement in the six-party talks.
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