노동조합 존재확률의 결정요인과 대표권의 갭
The Determinants of Trade Union Availability and Representational Gap in Korea
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초록
본 연구는 사업체 미시자료를 이용하여 사업체의 다양한 특성이 노동조합의 존재확률에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고 이를 이용하여 노동조합 가입을 희망하지만 자기가 근무하는 사업체에 노동조합이 없어 가입하지 못하는 사람의 비율을 구체적으로 측정하였다. 어떤 사업체에 노동조합이 존재할 수 있는지의 확률을 결정하는 요인들에 관해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 산업, 지역, 기술구성, 노동조합에 대한 고용주의 태도, 노사협의회, 비정규직 비율, 여성 노동자 비율 등이 통계적 유의성을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 한편 노동조합 대표권의 갭을 분석한 결과 노동자들의 노동조합 가입에 대한 잠재적 수요는 상당히 크게 존재하고 있으나 노동조합 가입기회의 제한으로 그 수요가 채워지지 못함으로써 노동조합 대표권의 갭 현상을 가져오고 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 좌절된 수요의 크기는 전체 표본 수의 22%에 달하고 있으며 특히 비정규 노동자에게서 좌절된 수요의 크기가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 만약 노동조합에 대한 가입기회의 제약이 철폐되고 희망하는 노동자들이 모두 노동조합에 가입할 수 있게 된다면 노동조합의 잠재적 조직률은 34%에 달하게 되어 현재 조직률의 3배 가까이 올라갈 잠재력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
There have been several papers to analyze the determinants of trade union membership in Korea. Most of these research focused on the demand side of trade union membership, that is the preference of workers to join the union. However, the supply side of trade union membership, which is the availability of trade union in the establishments, has never been discussed in the existing literature on the trade union membership in Korea.This paper tries to analyze the determinants of trade union availability in establishments in Korea. This paper also analyzes the size and determinants of representational gap between the potential demand on the union and availability of union. Our analysis shows that some characteristics of establishments such as industries, regions, structure of technology, attitudes of employers to labor union, ratio of non-standard employees, and ratio of female workers have strong influences on the availability of trade union in establishments.It also shows that many workers want to join labor unions but can not fulfill their potential demand because there is no labor union in their establishments.It is estimated that, if these potential demand can be satisfied fully, the organization rate of labor union can be increased up to 34 percent, three times of the current level.
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