노조 미가입 근로자의 근로자대표제도 인식에 대한 영향요인 연구: 노동조합과 노사협의회 관계를 중심으로
Factors Affecting Non-union Workers' Perceptions of Employee Representation Systems in Korea
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이 연구에서는 한국노동연구원의 한국노동패널조사 결과를 활용하여 근로자대표제도에 대한 근로자들의 인식변화에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 2005년과 2013년 조사에 대해 둘 다 응답한 자를 대상으로 살펴본 결과, 조합원과 비조합원 집단 모두에서 인식수준이 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 이는 노동조합 조직률 정체상태, 소규모 사업장 대표성 한계 등이 향후에도 계속될 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편, 2013년 패널조사 결과를 이용하여 노동조합 미가입 근로자들의 근로자대표제도 인식요인을 분석한 결과, 근로자 직무만족도가 높을수록 노동조합뿐 아니라 노사협의회에 대한 필요성 인식이 낮아졌다. 또한 근로조건 개선 등에 있어 노동조합의 역할, 즉 노조수단성이 높을수록 노사협의회 필요성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 노사협의회가 있는 사업장의 경우 노동조합 필요성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 노동조합과 노사협의회의 관계에 대한 근로자들의 인식이 대체적이기보다는 보완적일 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the perceptions held by workers about employee representation systems such as labor unions and works councils, using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Studies of 2005 and 2013. Superficially, data from the 1,301 respondents completing both surveys shows that perceptions of representation systems have worsened not only among non-union workers, but amongst union workers as well over the period. This finding suggests the stagnation in union density will continue for some time. Yet when examining the particular factors effecting perceptions held by non-union workers from the 2013 panel data, the labor instrumentality variable positively affected the favorability of respondents to work councils, and furthermore, employees working at a workplace with works councils responded positively to the necessity of labor unions. This finding indicates a potentially complementary relationship between works councils and labor unions, with works councils potentially expanding into the space left by the abatement of unions.
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