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근로자의 노조가입의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구-한국노동패널조사(KLIPS) 자료를 중심으로-

Major Factors Determining the Intention to Join Trade Union in Korea Using KLIPS Data

이영면|박재희
한국인적자원관리학회 (Korean Academy Of Human Resource Management)|2017.03|인적자원관리연구 (Journal of Human Resource Management Research)|제24권 제1호|pp. 57-76

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참고문헌

키워드

Job Satisfaction직무만족도고용형태Employment TypeUnion Instrumentality노조도구성노조가입의도Intention to Join Union
주제분류경영학

초록

우리나라의 노동조합 가입률이 장기간 정체되어 있는 상황에서 노조가입의도에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 살펴봄으로써 향후 노동조합 활동에 대한 시사점을 도출해 보고자 하였다. 한국노동패널 5개년 조사자료(제 13차∼제17차)를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 노조도구성 인식은 노조가입의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 직무만족은 노조가입의도와 부(-)의 관계에 있었다. 통제변수에 포함된 학력, 연령 등의 변수도 노조가입의도에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 학력의 경우 대졸 이상 학력을 가진 근로자의 노조가입의도가 고졸이하 학력을 가진 근로자에 비해 낮았다. 연령과 관련하여서는 50대 이상의 근로자들의 노조가입의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 노동조합에서는 정책 수립 등 제반 활동 과정에서 노조도구성에 대한 인식이 노조가입의도에 영향을 미친다는 점을 고려함으로써 노조가입률을 제고할 수 있을 것이다. 직무만족도가 높을수록 노조가입의도가 낮아진다는 것은 사용자 측에 주는 시사점이 크다. 직무만족도를 높일 수 있는 일련의 조치들이 노사관계 전략의 일환으로 사용될 수 있음을 실증적으로 보여 준 것이라 할 수 있겠다. 본 연구는 다양한 형태의 비정규직을 하나의 동질적인 집단으로 분석함으로써 서로 다른 이질적인 비정규직의 서로 다른 영향의 가능성을 파악하지 못하였다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 점은 향후 연구에서 개선되어야 할 점이다. 또한 향후 노조가입의도가 실제 행동으로 이어지게 하는 다른 영향요인들에 대해서 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract

In Korea, union density has been staggered for the last couple of decades. This paper tries to get implications for union membership by investigating the effect of workers’ attitude toward union instrumentality and their job satisfaction on the intention to join unions. Based on the five years of Korean Labor Income Panel Survey (KLIPS) data, from 13th to 17th, the workers’ attitude toward union instrumentality increased the intention to join unions statistically and significantly. Active union activity to protect workers’ right and improve their working conditions should improve the workers attitude toward unions and eventually should increase union density in Korea. Based on empirical analysis using KLIPS data, job satisfaction level, however, negatively affected the intention to join a union as many nonunionized companies expect although the effect is not so strong. This result is a kinf of background for nonunionized workers working hard to improve job satisfaction levels. The employment type itself, however, was not significant in affecting workers’ intention to join unions. However, nonstandard workers preferred less to join unions than regular workers did, as expected. This is probably because nonstandard workers have more obstacles to join unions than regular workers have. One point to be mentioned here is that the intention to join unions is not always activated to the action of joining unions. Also, further study seems to be necessary to figure out the attitude difference to union instrumentality by different type of nonstandard workers and their effects on the intention to join unions.

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