5-6세 아동의 분배 결정에 내집단 선호가 미치는 영향
The influence of in-group favoritism on 5 to 6-year-olds’ resource-allocation decisions
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 만 5-6세 아동들의 타인-타인 또는 자신-타인 간 자원 분배 결정에 수혜자의 소속집단(내집단 대 외집단)이 영향을 미치는지를 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 아동이 자원 분배의 수혜자가 되지 않고 친구(내집단)와 낯선 아동(외집단)에게 스티커를 나누어주는 분배자의 역할만을 수행한 게임을 진행하였다. 이 때 아동은 낯선 아동보다 친구에게 더 많은 스티커를 나누어주었고, 이는 아동 자신이 분배의 이해 당사자가 아닌 경우에는 내집단에게 더 호의적으로 분배를 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 실험 2에서 아동은 상대방이 친구 혹은 낯선 아동인 상황에서 자기 자신과 상대방에게 스티커 10개를 분배하는 게임에 참여하였다. 이러한 자기-타인 분배 상황에서 아동들은 상대방이 내집단 또는 외집단 구성원인지에 관계없이 이기적인 분배를 하는 양상을 보였다. 이는 자기 자신이 자원 분배의 당사자가 되었을 경우에는 내집단을 선호하는 경향성을 나타내지 않았음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 기존 성인 연구에서 관찰되어온 자원 분배 행동에서의 내집단 편향의 발달 과정에 대한 추가 자료를 제공한다.
Abstract
The current study investigated whether in-group bias affects 5- to 6-year-old children's resource-allocation decisions. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to allocate 10 stickers between a friend (an in-group member) and a stranger (an out-group member). Children allocated significantly more stickers to friends than to strangers, suggesting that they made distributive decisions in favor of their in-group members, when they were not the beneficiary of a resource-allocation. In Experiment 2, we examined whether being one of the recipients in the resource-allocation game would affect children’s decisions. The procedure was identical to that of Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to allocate stickers between themselves and a friend or a stranger. The children showed selfish distributions regardless of recipients. These results indicate that when children become one of the recipients in a resource-allocation, their self-interests override their preference for in-group members.
참고문헌 (27)
- 유하나, "감정 고려가 만 4세 아동의 분배 행동에 미치는 효과", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 27(2), pp.113~129 (2014), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
- Almås, I., "Fairness and the development of inequality acceptance", Science, 328, pp.1176~1178 (2010)
- Balliet, D., "Ingroup favoritism in cooperation : A meta-analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 140, pp.1556~1581 (2014)
- Billig, M., "Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behavior", European Journal of Social Psychology, 3, pp.27~52 (1973)
- Blake, P. R., "Currency value moderates equity preference among young children", Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, pp.210~218 (2010)
- Brewer, M. B., "Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (Rutgers Series on Self and Social Identity, Vol. 3)", pp.17~41 (2001), Oxford University Press
- Buchan, N., "Let’s get personal : an international examination of the influence of communication. Culture, and social distance on other regarding preferences", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 60, pp.373~398 (2006)
- Burns, M. P., ""I pick you" : The impact of fairness and race on infants’ selection of social partners", Frontiers in Psychology, 5, pp.93~ (2014)
- Buttelmann, D., "The ontogeny of the motivation that underlies ingroup bias", Psychological Science, 25, pp.1~7 (2014)
- Dobbs, M., "Outgroup accountability in the minimal group paradigm : Implications for aversive discrimination and social identity theory", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, pp.355~364 (2001)
- Falk, C. F., "Cultural variation in the minimal group effect", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, pp.265~281 (2014)
- Fehr, E., "Egalitarianism in young children", Nature, 454, pp.1079~1084 (2008)
- Gummerum, M., "Preschoolers’allocations in the dictator game : The role of moral emotions", Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, pp.25~34 (2010)
- Hamlin, J., "Not like me = bad : Infants prefer those who harm dissimilar others", Psychological Science, 24, pp.589~594 (2013)
- Harbaugh, W. T., "Children's altruism in public good and dictator experiments", Economic Inquiry, 38, pp.95~109 (2000)
- Hertel, G., "Priming in-group favoritism : The impact of normative scripts in the minimal group paradigm", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, pp.316~324 (2001)
- Kogut, T., "Knowing what I should, doing what I want : From selfishness to inequity aversion in young children’s sharing behavior", Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, pp.226~236 (2012)
- Moore, C., "Fairness in children’s resource allocation depends on the recipient", Psychological Science, 20, pp.944~948 (2009)
- Nesdale, D., "Social identity and the development of children’s group attitudes", Child Development, 72, pp.506~517 (2001)
- Olson, K., "Foundations of cooperation", Cognition, 108, pp.222~231 (2008)
- Platow, M. J., "Psychological group memberships as outcomes of resource distributions", European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, pp.835~851 (2008)
- Sheskin, M., "Anti-equality : Social comparison in young children", Cognition, 130, pp.152~156 (2014)
- Smith, C. E., "I should but I won’t: Why young children endorse norms of fair sharing but do not follow them", PloS One, 8, pp.e59510~ (2013)
- Tajfel, H., "Social categorization and intergroup behavior", European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, pp.149~178 (1971)
- Takagishi, H., "Theory of mind enhances preference for fairness", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105, pp.130~137 (2010)
- Webster, G. D., "Prosocial behavior in families : Moderators of resource sharing", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, pp.644~652 (2003)
- Yamagishi, T., "Does Shared Group Membership Promote Altruism? Fear, Greed, and Reputation", Rationality and Society, 20, pp.5~30 (2008)