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학령전기 아동의 내집단 배제에 대한 사회도덕적 평가

Preschoolers' Sociomoral Evaluations of Ingroup Exclusion

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 학령전기 아동들(N = 120)이 내집단으로부터의 사회적 배제에 대해 어떠한 사회도덕적 평가를 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 최소 집단 과제(minimal group paradigm)를 사용하여 아동들을 최소 집단에 할당하고, 사이버볼 과제(Cyberball paradigm)를 통해 내집단 구성원과 상호작용을 경험하도록 하였다. 사이버볼 과제에서 아동들은 조건에 따라 내집단으로부터 배제(배제 조건)되거나 포함(포함 조건)되었다. 실험 1에서 사회적 배제 및 포함에 대한 언어적 단서가 제시되었을 때, 만 5세 아동들은 자신을 포함한 내집단 구성원보다 자신을 배제한 내집단 구성원을 더 부정적으로 평가하였다. 실험 2에서 내집단 배제 및 포함에 대한 명시적인 언어 단서가 제시되지 않았을 경우에도 만 4-5세 아동들은 실험 1의 아동들과 동일한 사회도덕적 평가를 하였다. 또한, 실험 2에서 배제 및 포함 조건의 아동들은 모두 자신과 이전에 함께 사이버볼을 수행한 내집단 구성원을 외집단 구성원보다 더 선호하였다. 이러한 결과는 아동들이 자신을 상호작용에서 배제한 내집단 구성원을 포함한 내집단 구성원에 비해 더 부정적으로 평가하지만, 자신을 배제한 내집단 구성원에 대한 사회적 선호는 유지한다는 것을 보여준다.

Abstract

We investigated preschoolers’ sociomoral evaluations of ingroup exclusion in two experiments (N = 120). Children were assigned to minimal groups using minimal group paradigm (Tajfel et al., 1971) and participated in a Cyberball paradigm (Williams et al., 2000) with their ingroup members. In the game, children experienced either ingroup exclusion (exclusion condition) or ingroup inclusion (inclusion condition). When linguistic cues about exclusion or inclusion were given (Experiment 1), 5-year-olds in the exclusion condition evaluated ingroup members more negatively than those in the inclusion condition. When there was no linguistic cue (Experiment 2), 4-5-year-olds also exhibited similar results in their moral evaluations as the children in Experiment 1. In the following social-preference task, children in both conditions preferred ingroup to outgroup member. These results suggest that children can evaluate ingroup members who excluded them as negative, yet they maintain a social preference toward them.

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