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자원의 양과 내집단이 아동의 선호도에 미치는 상대적 영향성 탐색

In-group bias trumps amount of resource bias

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초록

본 연구에서는 자원의 양과 내집단이 아동의 선호도에 미치는 상대적 영향성을 파악하기 위해 만 4∼6세 아동을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 실험 1a(N=22)에서는 아동에게 자원(플레이도우)을 많이 가지고 있는 또래와 적게 가지고 있는 또래 중에 누구와 함께 놀이하고 싶은지를 물어 자원의 많고 적음을 기반으로 한 또래선호를 알아보았다. 실험 1b(N=22)에서는 아동에게 같은 색깔의 티셔츠와 다른 색깔의 티셔츠를 입은 또래 중 누구와 놀이하고 싶은지를 물어 최소집단 패러다임의 효과를 검증하였다. 마지막으로 실험 2(N=31)에서는 자원의 많고 적음과 최소집단으로 형성된 내집단이 또래선호에 미치는 상대적인 효과성을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 아동은 자원을 적게 가지고 있는 또래보다는 자원이 많은 또래를, 자신과 다른 색깔의 옷을 입을 외집단 또래보다는 자신과 옷 색깔이 같은 내집단 또래를 더욱 선호하였다. 마지막으로, 자원의 많고 적음 보다는 내집단에 대한 선호가 유아기 아동에게서는 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 후속연구의 방향성과 시사점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

From an early childhood, children evaluate others based on the amount of resources, and they tend to prefer wealthy individuals over poor ones. What is less clear is how strong this bias is in children. The present study probes the relative strength of amount of resource bias and in-group bias, a robust bias in children. Prior to, conducting our analysis we first confirmed that four to six year-old children preferred peers with more resources (Study 1a) and those who were in the same group (wearing the same color t-shirt that they were wearing; Study 1b). Importantly, children preferred an in-group member with less resources over a outside the with more resources, suggesting that the in-group membership is a stronger social cue than the amount of resource cue in early childhood.

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