독일에서 법정 최저 임금 도입의 영향과 시사점
The Effects and Implications of the Introduction of Statutory Minimum Wage in Germany
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
독일의 법정 최저 임금은 교섭 제도의 약화와 임금 불평등 확대를 배경으로 오랜 사회적 합의를 거쳐 도입되었다. 도입 이후의 실증 분석 결과는 노동 보호를 목적으로 노동 시장을 재규제하는 이러한 변화가 임금 불평등의 완화에 기여하고 있으며 고용에 대한 부정적인 영향은 제한적이었음을 보여준다. 견조한 성장세가 이어지면서 사회 보장 기여 의무가 부과되는 고용이 확대되어, 줄어드는 한계 고용을 대체하는 고용 구조상의 변화 또한 관측된다. 이와 같은 독일 사례를 통해 한국 경제의 소득 주도 성장과 관련된 정책적 시사점을 도출할 수 있다. 최저 임금 인상이 총 수요 확대로 이어지는 정책 파급 경로를 강화할 필요성, 노동 보호라는 기본 관점의 중요성, 한국 경제에서는 확장적인 재정 정책의 필요성이 더욱 크며 임금 불평등의 시정을 위해 최저 임금 외에 별도의 정책 대응이 요구되는 점 등이 그것이다.
Abstract
In Germany, the statutory minimum wage has been introduced in 2015 after achieving social consents over time under the background of weakening collective bargaining system and widening wage gap. Some econometric studies since the introduction reveal that this change towards re-regulation of labor market aiming at protecting labor is contributing to the mitigation of wage inequality without incurring severe job losses. It is evident that, with steady and positive economic growth, changes in employment structure are taking place where employment with social security contributions increases while mini-job employment decreases. Some policy implications are discussed for the Korean economy pursuing income-led growth. These include the necessity of strengthening transmission mechanism which channels the effects of minimum wage raise to the increase in effective demand, the importance of the basic principle of labor protection, the Korean specificities in the even larger relevance of expansionary fiscal policy and the calls for policy measures to lessen wage inequality other than the minimum wage raise.
참고문헌 (44)
- Ashenfelter, O. C., "Labor market monopsony", Journal of Labor Economics, 28(2), pp.203~210 (2010)
- Aretz, B., "The minimum wage affects them all: evidence on employment spillovers in the roofing sector", German Economic Review, 14(3), pp.282~315 (2013)
- Statutory minimum wages in the EU: institutional settings and macroeconomic implications, "Arpaia, A.", IZA, ~, pp.Policy Paper No. 124 (2017)
- High-impact minimum wages and heterogeneous regions, "vom Berge, P.", Essen, ~, pp.Ruhr Economic Papers, No. 408 (2013)
- Boockmann, B., "Turning the switch: an evaluation of the minimum wage in the German electrical trade using repeated natural experiments", German Economic Review, 14(3), pp.316~348 (2013)
- Employment expectations and uncertainties ahead of the new German minimum wage, "Bossler, M.", IAB, ~, pp.Discussion Papers, 03 (2016), 2016
- Employment effects of the new German minimum wage: Evidence from establishment-level micro data, "Bossler, M.", IAB, ~, pp.discussion paper, No 10 (2016), 2016
- Bossler, M., "The German labour market after the introduction of the statutory minimum wage", IAB Forum (2018)
- No role for the Hartz reforms? Demand and supply factors in the German labor market, 1993–2014, "Burda, M. C.", ~ (2016)
- Card, D., "Workplace heterogeneity and the rise of West German wage inequality", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(3), pp.967~1015 (2013)
- Card, D., "Minimum wages and employment: A case study of the fast-food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania", American Economic Review, 84(4), pp.772~793 (1994)
- Dickens, R., "Minimum wages and employment: a theoretical framework with an application to the UK Wages Councils", International Journal of Manpower, 15(2), pp.26~48 (1994)
- Dickens, R., "The effects of minimum wages on employment: theory and evidence from Britain", Journal of Labor Economics, 17(1), pp.1~22 (1999)
- Doucouliagos, H., "Publication selection bias in minimum-wage research? A meta-regression analysis", British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(2), pp.406~428 (2009)
- Dustmann, C., "Revisiting the German wage structure", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(2), pp.843~881 (2009)
- Fitzenberger, B., "Union density and varieties of coverage: the anatomy of union wage effects in Germany", Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 66(1), pp.169~197 (2013)
- Frings, H., "The employment effect of industry-specific, collectively bargained minimum wages", German Economic Review, 14(3), pp.258~281 (2013)
- Side effects of the new German minimum wage on (un-)employment: First evidence from regional data, "Garloff, A.", IAB, ~, pp.Discussion Papers, 31 (2016), 2016
- Heise, A., "Introducing minimum wages in Germany: employment effects in a Post Keynesian perspective", The 22nd Conference of the Forum for Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies (2018)
- The positive economic impact of Germany’s statutory minimum wage: an econometric analysis, "Herzog-Stein, A.", Hans Boekler Foundation, ~, pp.IMK report 141e (2018)
- Rising wage dispersion after all! The German wage structure at the turn of the century, "Kohn, K.", IZA, ~, pp.IZA Discussion paper No. 2098 (2006)
- König, M., "Impacts of minimum wages: a microdata analysis for the German construction sector", International Journal of Manpower, 30(7), pp.716~741 (2009)
- Lemos, S., "A survey of the effects of the minimum wage on prices", Journal of Economic Surveys, 22(1), pp.187~212 (2008)
- Logeay, C., "Short-term macroeconomic evaluation of the German minimum age with a VAR", VECM, 2018, ~
- Logeay, C., "Testing the effectiveness of the French work-sharing reform: a forecasting approach", Applied Economics, 38(17), pp.2053~2068 (2006)
- Möller, J., "Wage dispersion in Germany and the US: Is there compression from below?", International Economics and Economic Policy, 5(4), pp.345~361 (2008)
- OECD, "OECD employment outlook 2015" (2015), OECD Publishing
- Why does the minimum wage have no discernible effect on employment?, "Schmitt, J.", Center for Economic and Policy Research, ~ (2013)
- What does the minimum wage do?, "Wolfson, P.", Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, ~ (2014)
- Apel, H., "Arbeitsmarktwirkungen der mindestlohneinführung im bauhauptgewerbe", Journal of Labour Market Research, 45, pp.257~277 (2012)
- Folgen des mindestlohns in Deutschland: Betriebe regieren nur selten mit Entlassungen, "Bellmann, L.", IAB, ~, pp.Kurzbericht No. 18 (2016)
- Arbeitsmarktspiegel: Entwicklungen nach einführung des mindestlohns, "vom Berge, P.", IAB, ~, pp.Forschungsbericht, 01 (2016), 2016
- Machbarkeitsstudie zur erstellung eines arbeitsmarktmonitors mindestlohn, "vom Berge, P.", IAB, ~, pp.Forschungsbericht, 03 (2016), 2016
- Beschäftigungsanpassung nach mindestlohneinführung: “mini-jobs” wurden teilweise umgewandelt, aber auch zulasten anderer stellen, "vom Berge, P.", IAB, ~, pp.Kurzbericht No. 11 (2017)
- Brenke, K., "Konsum und sparquote der privaten haushalte hängen stark vom erwerbsstatus, einkommen und alter ab", DIW Wochenbericht, 10, pp.181~191 (2018)
- Federal Statistical Office, "4 millionen jobs vom mindestlohn betroffen", Press release, 06.04.2016, ~ (2016)
- Expertise zur entwicklung der lohnungleichheit in Deutschland, "Fitzenberger, B.", Sachverständigenrat zur begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen entwicklung, ~, pp.Arbeitspapier, No. 04 (2012), 2012
- Garloff, A., "Der mindestlohn ist kein jobkiller", IAB Forum (2017)
- Neueinstellungen auf mindestlohnniveau: anforderungen und besetzungsschwierigkeiten gestiegen, "Gürtzgen, N.", IAB, ~, pp.Kurzbericht 12 (2016), 2016
- Makroökonomische folgen des gesetzlichen mindestlohns aus keynesianisch geprägter perspektive, "Herr, H.", Studie im Auftrag der Mindestlohnkommission, ~ (2018)
- Klär, E., "Entwicklung der sparquote in Deutschland: Hindernis für die erholung der konsumnachfrage", DIW Wochenbericht, 73(40), pp.537~543 (2006)
- Lohnungleichheit: Gibt es eine trendwende?, "Möller, J.", IAB, ~, pp.Discussion Paper, 09 (2016), 2016
- Zur entwicklung der sparquoten der privaten haushalte: auswertung von haushaltsdaten des SOEP, "Stein, U.", IMK, ~, pp.Working Paper No. 10 (2009)
- Effekte des gesetzlichen mindestlohns auf die arbeitszeit von minijobbern, "Wanger, S.", IAB, ~, pp.Aktuelle Berichte No. 23 (2016)