위기결집효과의 소멸과 당파성 정치의 복원: 코로나19 장기화의 정치적 영향
The Durability of the Rally-around-the Flag Effect and Restoration of Partisan Politics: The Political Impact of Prolonged Covid-19
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 코로나19로 조성되었던 위기결집효과(rally around the flag)의 약화 및 소멸과정에서 발현되는 당파성 정치의 특성을 대통령과 정부의 대응에 대한 시민들의 평가 변화를 통해 고찰하려는 목적을 가지고 있다. 팬데믹 관련 위기결집효과의 발생에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 반면, 이 효과의 지속성과 소멸과정에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 관심을 받지 못했다. 이 연구의 주요 발견은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방역성과가 압도적으로 양호할 때, 정치적 반대세력은 그 성과를 부정하기 힘들어 상대적으로 이념 간 평가의 격차가 줄어든다. 다만 정치적 반대자는 방역 성과의 공로를 대통령에게 돌리려 하지 않는다. 둘째, 방역성과에 논란의 여지가 생기면, 정치적 지지자와 반대자들은 각각 그 성과를 평가절상하거나 평가절하한다. 그 결과, 성과에 대한 평가는 이념적으로 양극화될 가능성이 크다. 셋째, 방역성과에 대한 평가의 차이는 이념이나 정책선호보다 대통령에 대한 호오감정에서 비롯된 정서적 양극화일 가능성이 크다. 이 연구는 팬데믹이라는 예외적 위기의 순간에도 적응력을 발휘하는 당파적 사고의 영향력을 확인했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of partisan politics expressed in the weakening and disappearing of rally-around-the-flag created by Covid-19 through changes in citizens' opinions on the response of the president and the government to the pandemic. While studies on the occurrence of the pandemic-related rally effect are being actively conducted, research on this effect's durability and extinction process has received relatively scant attention. The main findings of this study are: First, when the quarantine performance is overwhelmingly good, political opponents have difficulty denying the version, so the gap in evaluation between partisans is relatively narrowed. However, political opponents do not want to attribute the achievement of quarantine to the president. Second, if the quarantine performance is controversial, political supporters and opponents will revalue or devalue the performance, respectively. Thus, performance evaluation is highly likely to be ideologically polarized. Third, the difference in the evaluation of the quarantine performance is more likely to be an emotional polarization stemming from positive or negative perspectives about the president rather than ideology or policy preference. This study confirmed the influence of partisan mindset that exerts adaptability even in times of exceptional crisis such as a pandemic.
참고문헌 (49)
- 가상준, "정책영역별로 본 국회 양극화", Oughtopia (오토피아), 31(1), pp.327~354 (2016), 인류사회재건연구원
- 강원택, "제19대 국회의원의 이념 성향과 정책 태도", 의정연구, 18(2), pp.5~38 (2012), 한국의회발전연구회[DOI]
- 길정아, "당파적 편향에 따른 책임 귀속: 여야간 갈등인식과 정당 호감도를 중심으로", 의정연구, 25(1), pp.45~78 (2019), 한국의회발전연구회
- 김정, "코로나19 방역 정책의 성공 조건: 한국 사례의 비교연구", 한국과 국제정치, 37(1), pp.191~221 (2021), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
- 박선경, "젠더 내 세대격차인가, 세대 내 젠더격차인가?: 청년 여성의 자기평가이념과 정책태도 분석", 한국정당학회보, 19(2), pp.5~36 (2020), 한국정당학회[DOI]
- 배진석, "당파적 태도가 코로나19 관련 대응 평가에 미치는 영향", 한국과 국제정치, 37(1), pp.77~116 (2021), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
- 신정섭, "코로나19가 제21대 국회의원 선거 투표선택에 미친 영향: 정부대응 평가와 개인피해를 중심으로", 한국정치연구, 29(3), pp.155~182 (2020), 한국정치연구소[DOI]
- 이내영, "한국사회 이념갈등의 원인: 국민들의 양극화인가, 정치엘리트들의 양극화인가?", 한국정당학회보, 10(2), pp.251~287 (2011), 한국정당학회
- 이한수, "대한민국 유권자들의 단기적 당파성 변화 분석", 한국정당학회보, 19(1), pp.5~32 (2020), 한국정당학회[DOI]
- 장승진, "당파적 양극화의 이원적 구조: 정치적 정체성, 정책선호, 그리고 정치적 세련도", 한국정당학회보, 18(3), pp.5~30 (2019), 한국정당학회[DOI]
- 정동준, "2018년 지방선거 이후 유권자들의 정치 양극화: 당파적 배열과 부정적 당파성을 중심으로", Oughtopia (오토피아), 33(3), pp.143~180 (2018), 인류사회재건연구원[DOI]
- "합리적 유권자를 찾아서" (2018), 하상응[URL]
- Blind Retrospection Electoral Responses to Drought, Flu, and Shark Attacks, "Achen, Christopher H.", Estudio, ~, pp.Paper 2004 (2004), 199
- Arceneaus, Kevin., "Who is Held Responsible When Disaster Strikes? The Attribution of Responsibility for a Natural Disaster in an Urban Election", Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(1), pp.43~53 (2006)[DOI]
- Bækgaard, Martin, "Rallying Around the Flag in Times of COVID-19 : Societal Lockdown and Trust in Democratic Institutions", Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 3, pp.2~ (2020)
- Baker, William D., "Patriotism or Opinion Leadership? The Nature and Origins of the"Rally Round the Flag"Effect", The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 45(5), pp.661~687 (2001)
- Bartels, Larry M, "Beyond the Running Tally : Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions", Political Behavior, 24(2), pp.117~150 (2002)
- Baum, Matthew A, "The Constituent Foundations of the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon", International Studies Quarterly, 46(2), pp.263~298 (2002)
- Bechtel, Michael M., "How Lasting is Voter Gratitude? An Analysis of the Short-and long-term Electoral Returns to Beneficial Policy", American Journal of Political Science, 55(4), pp.852~868 (2011)
- Bisgaard, Martin, "Bias Will Find a Way : Economic Perceptions, Attributions of Blame, and Partisan-Motivated Reasoning during Crisis", The Journal of Politics, 77(3), pp.849~860 (2015)
- Bol, Damien, "The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Political Support: Some Good News for Democracy?", European Journal of Political Research, 60(2), pp.497~505 (2020)
- Burden, Barry C., "Affect and Cognition in Party Identification", Political Psychology, 26(6), pp.869~886 (2005)
- Cole, Shawn, "Do Voters Demand Responsive Governments? Evidence from Indian Disaster Relief", Journal of Development Economics, 97(2), pp.167~181 (2012)
- Druckman, James N., "What Do We Measure When We Measure Affective Polarization?", Public Opinion Quarterly, 83(1), pp.114~122 (2019)
- Erikson, Robert S., "American Public Opinion: Its Origins, Content, and Impact" (2005), Pearson Education Inc
- Eriksson, Lina M, "Winds of Change : Voter Blame and Storm Gudrun in the 2006 Swedish Parliamentary Election", Electoral Studies, 41, pp.129~142 (2016)
- Esaiasson, Peter, "How the Coronavirus Crisis Affects Citizen Trust in Government Institutions and in Unknown Others – Evidence from ‘the Swedish Experiment’", European Journal of Political Research, 60(3), pp.748~760 (2021)
- Evans, Geoffrey., "The Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions", American Journal of Political Science, pp.68~ (2006)[DOI]
- Fiorina, Morris P, "Retrospective Voting in American National Elections" (1981), Yale University Press
- Fiorina, Morris, "Unstable Majorities : Polarization, Party Sorting, and Political Stalemate" (2017), Hoover Press
- Hegewald, Sven., "Who Rallies Around the Flag? Evidence from Panel Data During the Covid-19 Pandemic", OSF Preprints, ~ (2020)
- Johansson, Bengt, "When the rally-around-the-flag effect disappears, or: when the COVID-19 pandemic becomes ‘normalized", Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 31(sup1), pp.321~334 (2021)[DOI]
- Lipscy, Phillip Y, "COVID-19 and the Politics of Crisis", International Organization, pp.74~ (2020)[DOI]
- Melanie Dietz, "Rally Effect in the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Affectedness, Fear, and Partisanship", German Politics, pp.1~21 (2021), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Mueller, John E, "War, Presidents, and Public Opinion" (1973), John Wiley & Sons
- Nadeau, Richard, "A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting : Taking Account of the Political Context across Time and Nations", Electoral Studies, 21(3), pp.403~423 (2002)
- New York Times, "Coronavirus Has Lifted Leaders Everywhere. Don’t Expect That to Last", ~ (2020)
- Parker-Stephen, Evan, "Tides of Disagreement : How Reality Facilitates(and Inhibits)Partisan Public Opinion", Journal of Politics, 75(4), pp.1077~1088 (2013)
- Remmer, Karen, "Exogenous Shocks and Democratic Accountability : Evidence from the Caribbean", Comparative Political Studies, 47(8), pp.1158~1185 (2014)
- Rubin, Oliver, "The Political Dynamics of Voter Retrospection and Disaster Responses", Disasters, 44(2), pp.239~261 (2020)
- Schraff, Dominik, "Political Trust During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Rally Around the Flag or Lockdown Effects?", European Journal of Political Research, 60(4), pp.1007~1017 (2020)
- Stanig, Piero, "Political Polarization in Retrospective Economic Evaluations during Recessions and Recoveries", Electoral Studies, 32(4), pp.729~745 (2013)
- Stout, Kevin R, "Weathering the Storm: Conditional Effects of Natural Disasters on Retrospective Voting in Gubernatorial Elections - A Replication and Extension", Research and Politics, pp.1~16 (2018)
- The Economist, "Rallying Round the Flag. Covid-19 Has Given Most World Leaders a Temporary Rise in Popularity", ~ (2020)
- Whitten, Guy., "Cross-National Analyses of Economic Voting", Electoral Studies, 18(1), pp.49~67 (1999)
- Wlezien, Christopher, "Economic Perceptions and Vote Choice : Disentangling the Endogeneity", Political Behavior, 19(1), pp.7~17 (1997)
- Woods, Joshua, "The 9", 11 Effect : Toward a Social Science of the Terrorist Threat, 2011, pp.48(1), 213~233
- Yam, Kai Chi, "The Rise of COVID-19 Cases is Associated with Support for World Leaders", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, pp.25429~25433 (2020)
- Yates, Suzanne, "Attributions about the Causes and Consequences of Cataclysmic Events", Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 3(1), pp.7~24 (1998)
