백신에 대한 태도: 당파성과 과학의 역할
The Legacy of Politicization of COVID-19 Vaccine: Vaccine Attitudes in the Post-COVID-19 Era and the Role of Science
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백신에 대한 이슈가 정치화되었을 때 백신에 대한 태도는 당파성에 따라 달라지는가? 과학에 대한 태도 또는 과학적 지식이 이러한 당파적인 차이를 완화하는가? 본 연구는 한국 거버넌스 바로미터 조사 데이터를 활용하여 코로나19 팬데믹 과정에서 심화되었던 백신 이슈의 정치화 현상이 팬데믹 이후 백신 일반에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향과 과학의 역할에 대해 분석한다. 우선 코로나19 백신에 대한 정치화 현상의 파급효과에 따라 국민의힘 지지자일수록 민주당 지지자보다 백신 일반에 대해 더 부정적인 태도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 개인의 과학에 대한 태도와 과학적 지식수준이 백신에 대한 태도의 당파적 배열을 완화하는 효과는 제한적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 과학에 대한 태도가 백신에 대한 태도의 당파적 배열을 완화하는 효과는 없었다. 반면 과학적 지식은 백신에 대한 태도의 당파적 배열을 완화하는 효과가 있었으나, 민주당 지지층 사이에서만 나타났다. 이러한 경험적 결과는 코로나19 백신 이슈가 정치화된 이후 개인의 백신 일반에 대한 태도의 당파적 배열이 상당 기간 지속되며 과학의 역할도 이를 완화하는 데 제한적임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigated impact of politicization of COVID-19 vaccine on vaccine attitudes after the pandemic. Has politicization of COVID-19 vaccine changed vaccine attitudes of the public along with their partisanship? Does scientific knowledge or attitudes toward science mitigate the effect? Based on the Korean Governance Barometer survey in 2024, this research analyzed how politicization of the COVID-19 vaccine issues during COVID-19 continued to influence general attitudes toward vaccines in South Korea in the post-COVID-19 era. Results revealed that the politicization of COVID-19 vaccines changed attitudes toward general vaccines according to individual partisanship after the pandemic. Supporters of the People Power Party (PPP), the opposition party during the COVID-19 pandemic, hold more negative views on vaccines and vaccination than supporters of the Democratic Party (DP). Attitudes toward science did not influence the partisan alignment of attitudes concerning vaccines. Conversely, there was a positive relationship between the level of scientific knowledge and attitude toward vaccine among respondents who supported DP. These findings indicate that the politicization of the COVID-19 vaccine debate has a profound and enduring impact on individuals’ general attitudes toward vaccines. Furthermore, results suggest that both an individual's perception of science and their level of scientific knowledge play a relatively limited role in mitigating the partisan alignment surrounding vaccine-related issues.
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