저작권 귀속법리와 인공지능 창작물에 대한 고찰
Study on the Copyright Authorship and the Works Created Using Artificial Intelligence
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초록
최근 시, 음악, 영화극본, 신문기사 등 그 유형을 막론하고 수많은 창작물이 인간이 아닌 인공지능을 통해 양산되고 있다. 그러나 ‘이러한 창작물들이 모두 저작권법상 보호대상으로서 저작물에 해당되는가, 해당된다면 그러한 저작물을 대상으로 하는 권리는 누구에게 귀속되어야 하는가’ 의 문제는 여전히 난제(難題)이다. 현재 저작권의 귀속은 기본원칙은 ‘저작자’이다. 인공지능이 만들어낸 창작물에 대한 저작권 귀속문제를 판단하기 위해서는 일차적으로 우선 누가 저작자인가를 검토하여야 하고 그에게 창작물에 대하여 독점배타적 권리, 즉 저작권을 부여하는 것이 정당한가라는 저작권 귀속법리에 대한 논의가 이루어 져야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 우선 저작자가 누가 되어야 하는 지를 판단하기 위한 요인들로 ‘독창성’, ‘개성’, ‘창작의도’, ‘투자’, ‘노동력’ 등을 도출하였다. 이러한 요인들은 저작권의 본질론으로서 낭만주의적 작가관, 자연권론, 실정권론 등의 검토를 통해 도출하였다. 그리고 이러한 판단기준들을 각각 인공지능 창작물의 관련자들에게 적용하여 그 저작권 귀속의 타당성에 대하여 검토하였다.
Abstract
Recently, many kinds of creatives, such as poetry, music, movie screenplays, newspaper articles, etc., are being mass-produced through artificial intelligence, not human. However, the question of "whether all of these works are copyrighted under the copyright law, and if so, to whom should the rights of such works be attributed" remains a difficult problem. At present, the basic principle of attribution of copyright is 'author'. In order to judge the copyright attribution problem of the artificial intelligence creation, first of all, it should be discussed who is author and whether it is justified to give him the exclusive right, copyright. Therefore, in this paper, I derive 'originality', 'personality', 'creative intention', 'investment', 'labor power' as factors for judging who should become authors. These factors were derived from the examination of the essence of copyright as romantic authorship, natural rights theory, and incentive theory. And these criteria were applied to the related persons of artificial intelligence creations respectively, and the validity of the copyright attribution was examined.
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