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영국 근린재생정책의 변화과정과 그 배경에 대한 연구 : 대처정부~신노동당정부의 재생정책을 중심으로

A Review on the Changes in the UK’s Neighbourhood Regeneration Policy and Its Background : From the Thatcher Administration to New Labour Administration

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초록

한국의 도시재생 정책은 2013년 「도시재생특별법」 이 제정된 이후 본격적으로 시작되었으며, 문재인정부의 주요 국정과제로 채택되어 확대・추진될 예정이다. 도시재생정책의 제도화 과정에서 한국의 도시재생은 영국의 정책을 많이 참조하였고, 따라서 많은유사점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 지금까지 진행된 영국재생정책에 관한 연구는 특정 도시의 사례연구나 자금지원방식, 재생주체 등 재생기법에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었고, 영국의 재생방식이 형성된 정치적・사회적・철학적 배경에 대해 깊이 있게 고찰한 연구는부족하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 영국 도시재생정책의 변화과정과 그 배경, 특히 국정철학에 대해서 심도 있게고찰해 보았다. 이 연구에서는 1979~2010년 사이의근린재생정책을 중점적으로 고찰하였다. 이 기간 중에서도 파트너십, 통합적 접근, 공동체, 참여, 협력적거버넌스 등이 본격적으로 중시되기 시작했던 보수당의 메이저 총리 시기의 도시재생정책과, 이러한 접근방법을 대체로 수용하면서도 공동체 재건과 참여의 중요성을 특히 강조했던 노동당 블레어 총리 시기의 재생정책을 중점적으로 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 대처정부 시기에 어떤 배경에서 민간자본의 부동산 개발 중심의 도시재생이 추진되었는지, 메이저정부 시기 도시재생에서는 왜 파트너십과 통합적 접근을 통한 도시재생이 강조되었는지, 블레어정부 시기에는 어떤 배경에서 공동체의 참여와 재생과정에 그들의 권한과 책임이 강조되었는지 등 영국재생정책 변화과정과 그 배경에 대해서 심도 있게 규명하고자 하였다

Abstract

With the enactment of the Special Act on urban regeneration in 2013, urban regeneration policy of South Korea has begun in earnest. Furthermore, it was designated as one of the government’s major projects in the Moon administration and is expected to be promoted extendedly. Over the course of institutionalisation, Korean urban regeneration was highly influenced by the UK’s urban regeneration policy, which resulted in large degree of similarities. Yet, the existing literature on the urban regeneration policy of the UK was strongly focused on regeneration techniques(e.g. case studies of specific cities, funding methods, and principal agent of regeneration). The political, social and philosophical background which gave birth to the current urban regeneration of the UK has been rarely studied. Given this, this study aimed for an in-depth study of the UK urban regeneration policy’s development and its background, especially the political philosophy of the administrations. Neighborhood regeneration policy of 1979-2010 was the main focus of this study. In particular, urban regeneration policy of the Major administration, which put much weight on partnership, integrative approach, community, participation, cooperative governance, etc., and the Blair administration, which generally accepted the Major administration’s approach and added extra emphasis on the community restoration and participation, were the main concern of this study. This study enabled thorough reflection on UK’s urban regeneration policy, including what circumstances and from which rationale the Thatcher administration facilitated urban regeneration centered on private real estate development; why partnership and integrative approach was emphasized in the Major administration; and why the Blair administration stressed the participation of the communities and their rights and responsibilities during urban regeneration processes.

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