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영국 도시재생의 지역사회 참여 성숙화 과정과 정책적 함의: Nabatchi의 시민참여 스펙트럼 수정모델을 중심으로

A Study on the Development Process of Community Involvement and Policy Implications in the U.K.: Focusing on the Nabatchi’s Modified Spectrum of Participation

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도시재생에서 지역사회의 참여는 다양한 형태의 상호작용 과정으로 나타난다. 불안정한 사회에서 다양한 지역문제를 다루는 데 지역사회의 참여는 가장 중요한 키워드임에 분명하다. 본 논문은 영국의 도시재생 과정에서 지역사회의 참여 문제를 어떻게 다루어 왔는지 그 변화과정을 고찰하였다. 특히 시기별로 도시재생정책에 대응하는 정부의 권한(Power)과 사회적 맥락(Context)을 고찰하고, 지역사회의 의사결정 권한수준을 Nabatchi의 참여 스펙트럼을 통해 그 특성을 해석하였다. 이를 통해 현재 한국의 도시재생정책에서 지역사회의 참여가 어떤 수준과 단계에 있는지를 진단하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 지역사회참여의 성공을 위한 첫 단계는 1~2년 정도의 충분한 시간과 여유를 확보하여 신뢰를 구축하는 것이다. 둘째, 지역사회의 대표자 또는 정보의 연결점 역할을 하는 매개자를 육성하여 지역주민들과 약하지만 직접적인 유대 관계의 네트워크를 구축하여 더 많은 접촉을 창출할 것이다. 마지막으로 영국에서 지역사회가 주체가 되고 그들에게 권한을 부여하는 근린계획을 단계적으로 도입해볼 수 있다. 영국이 시도하고 있는 다양한 지역사회 참여 유도정책은 모든 지역 활성화를 가져다주지는 못하지만, 영국 지역정책에서 지역사회 참여는 점점 성숙화되어 가고 있음에 주목할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Community involvement in urban regeneration is shown in various forms of interaction. It is certain that community involvement in dealing with local issues is an important keyword. The purpose of this study is to consider how the issue of community involvement is being dealt with in UK’s urban regeneration. Especially it considered the power of government and social context in response to the urban regeneration policy and interpreted the level of decision-making authority through participation spectrum. As a result of the analysis, the first step for the success of community involvement is to construct trust by securing sufficient time and room for 1-2 years. Secondly, to create more contact between local residents by promoting local representatives or active citizens. It could establish a weak but direct network of ties. Finally, the neighborhood planning that the community is the main actor for the decision could be adopted step by step. Although the UK’s initiatives to encourage community involvement could not bring all local revitalization, it is worthy of notice that UK policy is becoming more mature than ever.

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