韓國語와 日本語의 ‘앞서다’類 動詞에 대하여

Abstract

This paper firstly focused on the word-formation of 'N-V' compound words and began the discussion from pointing out a problem that the 'N-V' compound verbs in Korean which have the structures as same as 'apseoda'(앞서다) should be distinguished from other 'N-V' compound verbs such as 'himdeulda'(힘들다). We called these kind of words 'apseoda-type verbs' and dealt with these words in Korean through the comparison with Japanese in which a variety of apseoda-type verbs exist too. Concretely, this paper firstly reviewed on the preceding researches in relevant to 'N-V' compound verbs and found that the word-formation process of apseoda-type verbs was difficult to be explained through the syntactic process or unaccusative hypothesis. Instead, it should be explained by using the concept of functor and argument. Secondly, this paper investigated the categories of apseoda-type verbs in Korean and Japanese and the conclusion showed that there were more apseoda-type verbs in Korean than in Japanese. This is related to the fact that Korean is rich in compound verbs with the preceding elements function as adverbials. Furthermore, apseoda-type verbs were classified from three ways and the classification according to the meaning of the preceding nouns was the representative method. As the result, the preceding nouns which have the meaning of [instrument·manner], [location], and [direction] occupy the majority. On the other hand, nouns which have the meaning such as [cause] are rarely. As the difference between Korean and Japanese, words in which the preceding nouns play the semantic role of [target] in Japanese are a big part but there are not much such words in Korean. In addition, in most of the existing studies, words with the combination of noun and verb-renyookei(連用形) in Japanese were seen as one part of 'N-V' compound verbs. But we found that not only in Japanese but also in Korean, there were many apseoda-type verbs which could not be nominalized actually. We suggest that it is necessary to deal with them separately if the words are not nominalized from 'N-V' compound verbs.