창의성 과제 특성, 부화활동의 유형, 과제선택권에 따른 부화효과의 차이
The effect of creative task types, incubation activities during incubation period, and choice in tasks on the incubation effect
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본 연구의 목적은 부화효과에 차별적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변인들을 다양하게 탐색하는 데 있으며, 이를 위해 창의성 과제 특성, 부화 단계에 참여하게 되는 부화활동, 과제선택권 부여 여부와 부화효과 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 두 개의 실험을 설계하였다. 실험1에서는 창의성을 요구하는 과제를 수행할 때 부화 단계를 가지는 것이 수행을 높이는 결과를 가져오는지 창의적 과정에서의 부화효과를 재검증하고자 하였다. 실험2에서는 창의성 과제 특성과 부화활동, 과제선택권에 따른 차별적인 부화효과를 확인하기 위해 창의성 과제는 확산적 사고를 요구하는 과제(예: 대안적 용도 찾기 과제)와 수렴적 사고를 요구하는 과제(원격적 연합 과제)로 구분하였다. 부화 단계에서 제시된 부화활동은 높은 주의집중을 요구하는 활동과 낮은 주의집중을 요구하는 활동으로 구분하였고, 과제선택권 부여 여부를 함께 고려하여 총 네 개의 집단의 창의적 수행을 비교하였다. 연구결과, 실험1에서 부화 단계를 가진 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 창의적 수행이 높았고, 실험2에서는 과제선택권이 수렴적 사고를 요구하는 과제에서의 부화효과에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 부화를 활용한 창의성 교육에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was investigated the incubation effect on the two main types of creative thinking, convergent thinking (e.g., remote association task) and divergent thinking (e.g., alternative use task). More importantly, the main interest of this study was to know on how incubation activities that participate in the incubation stage and choice in tasks play a role for the effect of incubation. In experiment 1, taking away from the problem for a while and participating another task was helpful to creative problem solving. In experiment 2, the result of convergent thinking task (RAT) showed that incubation effects were differed according to incubation activities and choice in tasks. The incubation group with no choice in tasks displayed significant performance improvement compared to the choice in tasks group. In addition, we could not find the difference in incubation effect for the incubation activities. In contrast, the result of divergent thinking task (AUT) showed that there were no difference in incubation effects according to incubation activities and choice in tasks. Based on these results, we discussed creativity education using incubation.
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