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창의적 과제 수행에 있어서 작업기억 용량과 부화의 관계

A Study of the Relationship Between Working Memory Capacity and Incubation In Creative Problem Solving Task

이창환|이정은
사회과학연구소 (Institute of Social Sciences SOGANG UNIVERSITY)|2014.12|사회과학연구 (Journal of Social Science)|제40권 제3호|pp. 285-307|DOI 10.15820/khjss.2014.40.3.013

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참고문헌

키워드

Creativity창의성작업기억Working Memory확산적 사고부화수렴적 사고Incubation원거리 연합 과제대안적 용도 찾기 과제Problem DifficultyRemote Association TaskAlternative Uses Task
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 창의성의 두 사고유형인 확산적 사고와 수렴적 사고에 있어서 부화 효과를 알아보고, 작업기억 용량에 따라 부화효과가 달라지는지를 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 수렴적 사고를 측정하는 원거리 연합 과제(RAT)를 통한 부화 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 부화기간이 주어진 집단이 부화기간이 주어지지 않은 집단에 비하여 수행이 향상되었으며 작업기억 용량이 큰 집단이 작업기억 용량이 작은 집단에 비해 큰 부화 효과를 나타내었다. 문제 난이도에 따른 부화 효과의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서 확산적 사고를 측정하는 대안적 용도 찾기 과제(AUT)를 통한 부화 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 실험 1과 마찬가지로 부화 기간이 주어진 집단이 부화 기간이 주어지지 않은 집단에 비해 유의미하게 수행이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었으나 작업기억은 영향을 미치지 않았다. 수렴적인 과제에서는 무의식적으로 후보답을 활성화하는 인지적 과정이 간여하는 것으로 보이며, 확산적 과제에서는 즉흥적인 답을 산출해하는 상황적 제약으로 분산적 주의 기제가 간여하는 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of incubation on the two main types of creative problem solving tasks, the convergent thinking task and the divergent thinking task. More importantly, the main interest of this study was to know on how the working memory capacity and the problem difficulty play a role for the effect of incubation. The result of Remote Association Test (RAT) showed that the incubation group displayed significant performance improvement compared to the control group. In addition, we could not find the difference in incubation effect for the problem difficulty. In contrast, the results of the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) showed that the incubation group displayed significant degrees of performance improvement compared to control group, but no effect of working memory. In the convergent task, it seems like that the candidate answers are activated unconsciously, whereas, in the divergent task, the divergent attentional mechanism mainly plays a role due to the promptness of producing answers.

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