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자극-자극 조건화 절차가 자폐스펙트럼장애 유아의 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동에 미치는 효과

Effects of Stimulus-Stimulus Conditioning Procedure On Stereotypy and Object Manipulation Play Behaviors in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder

박혜숙|최진혁|김민영
한국특수아동학회 (Kacsn: Korean Association Of The Children With Special Need)|2017.12|특수아동교육연구 (The Journal of Special Children Education)|제19권 제4호|pp. 145-165|DOI 10.21075/kacsn.2017.19.4.145

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참고문헌

키워드

자폐스펙트럼장애Autism Spectrum Disorder상동행동자극-자극 조건화사물조작사물조작놀이행동Stimulus-Stimulus ConditioningStereotypyObject Manipulation Play Behaviors
주제분류교육학

초록

연구목적: 본 연구는 자극-자극 조건화 절차가 자폐스펙트럼장애 유아의 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 연구방법: 자폐스펙트럼장애 남자아동 1명을 대상으로 지연된 행동 간 중다 간헐기초선 설계를 사용하여 연구를 시행하였다. 독립변인은 자극-자극 조건화 절차로써 목표 사물조작놀이행동을 촉구하고 이와 동시에 칭찬 및 음식과 같은 선호 자극을 동시 제공하였다. 종속변인으로 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동 발생률을 측정하였다. 일반화 측정을 위해 중재 장소 및 일반화를 위한 장소에서 각각 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동 발생률을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 자극-자극 조건화 절차를 통해 상동행동은 감소하고 사물조작놀이행동은 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일반화에서도 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동의 변화가 관찰되었다. 연구 결과 상동행동과 사물조작놀이행동의 기능적 관계가 입증되었다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 상동행동을 보이는 자폐스펙트럼장애 유아에게 자극-자극 조건화 절차 통한 놀이행동 중재의 필요성을 시사하고, 임상 현장에서의 실제적 적용 방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stimulus-stimulus conditioning procedures on the stereotypy and play behavior. Method: A delayed multiple probe across behaviors was employed to identify a potential functional relation between the dependent and independent variables. The participant of this study was a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The independent variable was a stimulus-stimulus conditioning procedure in which the participant’s appropriate play behavior was paired with the preferred reinforcers such as praises and edibles. The dependent variables were the number of intervals with the appropriate a) block-play, b) puzzle-play, c) looking at books, and d) vocal and physical stereotypy. The major dependent variables were measured during the multiple 5-min probe sessions by using 5-sec intervals recording. In order to identify generalization, moreover, the probe sessions were conducted at both settings of intervention-place (i.e., table) and novel place (i.e., newley arranged free play area). Results: The data depict that the stereotypy decreased significantly as the play behaviors increased with the stimulus-stimulus conditioning procedure. In generalization, the improvement of the target play behaviors and stereotypy were also observed. As a result of the study, a functional relation between the dependent variables(i.e., play behaviors and stereotypy) and independent variables (i.e., stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure) was identified. Conclusion: In conclusion, the contribution of this research would be that the stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure would be able to provide the positive effects with children showing stereotypy and inappropriate play behaviors during free play settings.

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