자폐 아동의 집착사물을 이용한 게임 중재가 또래 상호작용과 집착행동에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Game Intervention Using Ritualistic Objects on Peer Interaction and Ritualistic Behavior of Young Children with Autism
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본 연구는 자폐 아동의 집착사물을 이용한 게임 중재가 또래 상호작용과 집착행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 사회성 결함과 집착행동을 동시에 보이는 취학전 자폐 아동 3명과 또래 아동 15명이 참여하였으며, 세 명의 자폐 아동을 대상으로 대상자간 중단 간헐 기초선 설계를 사용하였다. 그 결과 실험에 참여한 모든 자폐 아동들의 또래 상호작용이 증가하였고, 집착행동은 감소되었으며 중재 효과는 유지되었다. 놀이 중재가 자폐 아동의 또래 상호작용뿐만 아니라 집착행동을 감소시켰다는 본 연구의 결과는 자폐 아동의 문제 행동인 집착행동 중재가 별도의 교정 없이 또래들과의 통합교육의 효과로 성취될 수 있음을 의미하며 이는 자폐 아동의 통합 교육 측면에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 또한 본 연구는 자폐 아동의 집착사물이 또래와의 적절한 놀이 행동에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using ritualistic objects on game intervention to increase social interaction with peers and to decrease ritualistic behaviors of young children with autism during free play times. Three children with autism and fifteen typically developing peers participated in this study. This study used the multiple probe baseline design across subjects. The results obtained from the present study are as follows: 1. The frequency of the subjects' social interaction with their peers was increased by game intervention using their ritualistic objects. 2. The frequency of the subjects' ritualistic behaviors was decreased by game intervention using their ritualistic objects. 3. The frequency of the subjects' social interaction with their peers and ritualistic behaviors was maintained by game intervention using their ritualistic objects after the intervention was terminated. In conclusion, this study shows that game intervention by using ritualistic objects can effectively increase social interaction, decrease ritualistic behavior of children with autism. Implications of these findings for designing behavioral interventions to promote social interaction are noted.
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