도연명陶淵明의 팽택령彭澤令 사직辭職에 대한 소고小考

Abstract

No any era, the intellectual's life skills and to be an official , can be used as the standard to evaluate the character. In the long history of China, a typical example of this phenomenon is the resignation of Tao Yuanming (365 ~427) from the Eastern Jin Dynasty who choose the "returning to the pastoral life". The purpose of this paper is to investigate the background and reason that Tao Yuanming resigned from an official position . In August 405, Tao Yuanming under the recommendation of uncle Tao Yi as Peng ZeLing, in the officer more than eighty days, in November, resigned to his hometown. The reasons for his resignation can be divided into two main factions: one is Tao Yuanming's self-explanation and the other is later generations` explanation. Tao Yuanming explained the reasons for his resignation, said that his life was difficult ,he can not solve the livelihood problem so he decided to take office, but his real nature is to yearning for nature, love pastoral life .When his only sister married to the Cheng family and then died of illness, in order to mourn the condolences, he resigned from an official position. But later generations agree with this, at the same time, also put forward other reasons. One is called “spirit said”, Tao Yuanming took the receive duyou(a official in past) as an opportunity, said he can't stoop for five bucket of rice, on the same day threw away his seal ribbon, resigned and returned. Another is called “JIWEI”, said :because of the political chaos at that time, he predicted that the Eastern Jin Dynasty to perish, so he resigned. The latter is to supplement the previous deficiencies, there is also Confucian scholars want to beautify Peng Ze-ling to resign officials at this level of meaning. Therefore, this paper evaluates Tao Yuanming's Jingjie around the age of 41 as the dividing line, and under this condition, investigates the reasons for Tao Yuanming's resignation from Peng Ze-ling. Tao Yuanming, in the context of the rise of martial arts forces, in order to solve his own livelihood problems, in the absence of a correct understanding of his own ability, rashly choose to be an official, but can not adapt to the real world and bureaucratic society, for a time can not bear resentment and resign from the official. Thus it can be seen that Tao Yuanming is an intellectual who can not adapt to the life of officialdom. However, Tao Yuanming resigned from Peng Ze-ling at the age of 41, and until Liu Song establish a state no longer chose to be an official, but to return to nature in seclusion for a pastoral life and adhere to his own demeanor. Therefore, it can be evaluated that Tao Yuanming is a hermit with high moral integrity .