陶淵明의 歸去來와 出處觀 考察

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to study “the view of nature(自然觀)” and the meaning of “returning to the nature(歸去來)” in the philosophy of Tao Yuan-ming(陶淵明. 365-427), and to find out his the View of Taking up and Retirement in public service(出處觀). To this end, we will first analyze the nature of Tao Yuan-ming and his the meaning of returning to the nature. "Nature," which Tao Yuan-ming thinks, is a place where people live in space of Rural community(田園) and adapt to the Confucian values of “The Mandate of Heaven(天命)”. Therefore, the nature of Tao Yuan-ming is not what Daoism calls the “letting nature be(無爲自然)”. To Tao Yuan-ming, “returning to the nature” was not an end in itself, but a way to appease “the failing to achieve his success(不遇)”. And the reason why Tao Yuan-ming to “returning to the nature” is to preserve his integrity, which is also based on the Confucian values. Second, it was confirmed that “returning to nature” was to overcome his “the failing to achieve his success” and that the way to practice it was to love flowers, drink, and writing a poem. Third, we studied that Tao Yuan-ming’s view of life was based entirely on the moral principle of Confucian values. The “returning to nature” was the abandonment of secular desires, living free from worldly cares(悠悠自適), the death of natural adaptation, and that was The View of Taking up and Retirement in public service of Tao Yuan-ming. Through The View of Taking up and Retirement in public service of Tao Yuan-ming, we will be able to understand the spirit of life living in a society that is confused as an intellectual, and to find lessons in preventing human disaster from materialism and loss of morality.