수요응답형 자율주행 모빌리티 서비스의 승차단계에서 eHMI의 정보 구성과 디스플레이 위치에 따른 사용자경험 연구
A Study of User Experience According to the Information Composition and Display Placement of eHMI at the Pick-up Stage of Autonomous Mobility on Demand Service
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수요응답형 자율주행 모빌리티(Autonomous Mobility on Demand)의 도입이 가까워짐에 따라, 서비스 이용단계에서 사용자가 자율주행 모빌리티에 대한 불확실성을 해소할 수 있는 인터페이스가 필요하다. 이 연구는 자율주행 모빌리티와 사용자의 커뮤니케이션을 위해 eHMI(external Human Machine Interface)의 효과를 확인한 기존의 연구를 확장하여, 승차단계라는 구체적인 맥락에서 eHMI를 설계하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 정보 구성(차량 식별 정보, 승차 안전 정보, 차량 식별 및 승차 안전 정보)과 디스플레이 위치(보행자 도로, 차량 측면)를 조합하여 6가지 조건의 eHMI를 설계하였고, 이에 따른 UX 품질, 유용성, 신뢰, 사용의도, 만족도를 살펴보았다. 61 명의 실험 참가자를 대상으로 온라인 영상 실험을 진행한 결과, 정보 구성에 따른 주효과가 모든 종속 변인에서 유의하게 나타난 반면, 디스플레이 위치는 모든 종속 변인에서 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 정보 구성과 디스플레이 위치의 상호작용 효과는 UX 품질과 유용성에서 발견되었다.
Abstract
Since AMoD(Autonomous Mobility on Demand) is expected to be a part of the urban transport system in the near future, we need an interface that users can resolve uncertainty of autonomous mobility. Previous research has shown that eHMIs(external human-machine interface) have effect on communication between autonomous vehicles and users. Our study expanded previous studies and designed eHMI in the specific pick-up stage of AMoD service. We designed several eHMIs in order to information composition(vehicle identification, safe boarding, vehicle identification and safe boarding) and display placement(pedestrian road, vehicle side). By combining information composition and display placement, we investigated the effect of eHMIs under 6 conditions on UX quality, usability, trust, intention to use, and satisfaction. As a result of conducting an online video experiment on 61 participants, the main effect according to information composition was found to be significant in all dependent variables, whereas the display placement was not significant in all dependent variables. The interactive effect of information composition and display placement was found in UX quality and usability.
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