20세기 초 ‘間島’ 지역에 거주한 朝鮮人에 대한 戶口調査와 그 의미

Abstract

In the late 19th century, migration to Dongbei area, namely, Gando, the northernarea of Yalu River and Tumen River, became a possibility for Korean and Chinesepeople, after their governments abolished “No crossing the river” policy “Noadmittance” one respectively. Specially, Korean people had migrated and settledthere in a large way because they considered it as “the land of opportunity” or“new world.”As the number of immigrants from two countries in Gando, there were conflictsof interest between them, which resulted in agreement or dispute between twogovernments. Nonetheless, in general, they had a symbiotic relationship: they “gotalong but did not assimilate themselves.” Thus it was not until the Gando Agreement,in September 1919, vested Gando in China, that Gando had been a contact pointand a buffer zone between Korea and China. In Korea, some government officials had been assigned to Gando in order tosurvey the conditions of those who lived there since the late 19th century. Thefirst thing they did there was to take a census, which was to manage and protecttheir nationals. This census was performed according to Regulations of Census (Edict No. 61),September 1, 1896, and Detailed Rules for Census (Home Affairs Department OrderNo. 8), September 3 of the same year. The best feature of this new family registersystem was the mention that all people could share state-protected benefits by census, which means Korean government would work on the system with “modern”idea. To conclude, Korean government exercised its own sovereignty in Gando in thelate 19th and the early 20th century by surveying the conditions of Korean immigrants,filling out their family register forms, and storing them in the capital city. Today, in Korea, there are no small materials, written in the late 19th centuryand the early 20th century, concerning land and population in Gando includingseventeen books of family register in 1902~1903—its title is Family Register ofBorder Land. These materials tell that Gando was a contact point of border betweenKorea and China.