아니메(アニメ)와 일본 소년(상)의 형성－전후(戰後) 일본의 텔레비전 애니메이션을 중심으로－

Abstract

The growth of boys in the post-war Japanese television anime was like a categorical imperative, since the growth of boys, who were the future of the country directly referred to the reconstruction of Japan. The vivid memories of defeat in the war and surrender made the direction of growth aim at the future and the U.S. The desire for cutting edge/science/technology-based technical establishment and for an advanced and strong force was plainly projected onto the television anime. That’s how <Astro Boy> using iron of a robot to describe the bones of a boy was born. In the anime, Atom was illustrated as one of the strongest robots on earth. But in appearance, Atom was always no more than a young boy due to his body made of iron. No matter how strong he was, the growth of the boy needed to be shown visibly. The anime introduced boarding to express the growth of boys. Describing the body of a boy boarding the steel machine, <Gigantor> and <Tranzor Z> sought a big and strong growth. The steel machine was not only limited to robots. <Space Battleship Yamato> and <Galaxy Express 999> are cases in point. Adding reinforcement with iron, a priming for future-oriented/American-style development, to warships and railways, which symbolized the past/Japanese expansion was a self-reflecting picture boosted by a successful journey to the reconstruction. This is revealed more obviously in <Mobile Suit Gundam>. However, after suffering severe pain from bubble economy caused by the rapid growth, the robot-centered anime reinforced with iron fell into serious disillusionment. Boarding, which was a methodology for growth was just a temporary expedient. The big and strong growth described by the body of a boy made of iron and steel was a mere makeshift complacency that deceived themselves using something similar to the body. <Neon Genesis Evangelion> criticized separation anxiety of robot anime, disclosing this speculatively. Boy characters in the subsequent anime works, such as <One Piece>, <Naruto> and <Bleach> became bigger and stronger by training their bodies, not by relying on the body reinforced with iron. Besides, their growth is set in classical ‘Sekaikei(セカイ系)’, which arouses the past/Japan rather than the future/the U.S. In doing so, the growth of boys that had been constantly pursued by the Japanese television anime of the 20th century became complete with game-body of classical Sekaikei.