1920~30년대 朝鮮과 滿洲國의 王道儒學

Abstract

Among the Confucian Studies circles in colonial Korea, Japan, and Manchukuo in the early twentieth century, it is noteworthy that there were many discourses on Wangdao[王道: King's Way or Kingly Way] which is one of the core elements of confucian ideas. In the 1920s, Korean Confucian scholars justified the Japanese annexation of Korea while they used the democracy and dynastic revolution theory, the ideas that came from the Wangdao thesis. Having used the teachings of Yiyin[伊尹] in the Yin[殷] Dynasty who cooperated with a new dynasty, they were able to collaborate with the Japanese who opened the 'Wangdao' for a new era. While putting forward the realization of the Wangdao, they were interested not only in holding the semiannual services in honor of the Confucian shrines, but also in prizing dutiful sons and virtuous women in whole Korea. The state emphasis on filial piety led up to the invention of new ideology 'royalty and filial piety[忠孝].' The dutiful son who was praised as equal to royal subjects, was in reality a 'royal and subservient subjects,' and was a human type symbolizing royalty which supported the state system. On the other hand, Manchukuo which was established in 1932, put forward the Wangdao as a founding ideology. Manchukuo rulers self-praised the 'new era of the Wangdao' and made efforts to establish state confucianism. Manchukuo government, like Korean pro-Japanese Confucian elites, initiated a project to hold a worship at Confucian Shrines and to prize dutiful sons and virtuous women, the project that the government used for a leading ideology in a new era. The Manchukuo's Wangdao was not simply political slogan since it was accepted as a rhetoric symbolizing East Asian civilization in contrast to western ‘politics by force[覇道].' Moreover, Wangdao not only justified the Japanese occupation of Manchu but also supported another founding ideology, 'the Harmony of Five tribe[五族協和]' with the enforcement of welfare policies. And 'a relief for the whole country[一匡天下]' logic was also able to justify the Japanese aggressive policy over the China Proper with the pretext of the realization of the Wangdao.