우리나라 무역결제 통화 중 미달러 비중과 글로벌 금융위기
US Dollar-Settlement in Korean Trade and Global Financial Crisis
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우리나라의 결제통화는 대부분 미국 달러화로 이뤄지고 있다. 글로벌 금융위기 발발로 인해서 달러의 사용이 줄어 들것이라는 예상이 존재했다. 무역결제통화는 기업의 가격결정 정책 및 환율의 변동성 등에 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 본 논문은 1992년 1사분기부터 2017년 2사분기까지 우리나라 수출입에 사용되는 결제통화의 대부분을 차지하는 달러의 비율의 추이를 실증 분석했다. 우리나라 무역의 전체와 수출과 수입을 따로 분석한 결과, 달러 결제 비중은 외환위기, 글로벌 금융위기 등 외환시장의 큰 충격에 반응했다. 글로벌 금융위기 중에는 무역결제통화로서 달러 비중이 줄었다고 볼 수 없었다. 글로벌 금융위기이후 미달러 위상 하락에도 불구하고 무역의 결제통화로서 달러의 위상은 하락하지 않았다.
Abstract
Most trade in Korea are settled in US-dollar. There was a expectation that the use of the dollar would decrease due to the global financial crisis. The choice of settlement currencies seem to be affected by the company's pricing policy and exchange rate volatility. This paper empirically analyzed the the ratio of US-dollars settlement, which is the most used currency in trade settlement Korea from the first quarter of 1992 to the second quarter of 2017. The portion of US dollar settlement responded to the big shocks such as the foreign exchange crisis and the global financial crisis. During the global financial crisis, the US dollar settlement was not reduced. Despite the drop in the US dollar status due to the global financial crisis, the US dollar’s status as key currency in trade settlement was not affected.
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