한국어 학습자의 언어문화 차이로 인한 표현 이해 간섭 양상 연구

Abstract

This study aims to identify effective communicative measures, from a cross-cultural speech act perspective, by figuring out the reasons behind the pragmatic errors and failures arising from Korean learners’ linguistic and cultural distinctiveness through the analysis of the practical examples of learners from English-, Japanese-, and Chinese-speaking countries learners and Korean native speakers request speech acts. For this purpose, how Korean learners, compared to 51 native speakers of the above-mentioned languages, had spoken in various situations was looked into. Discourse completion tests and focus group interviews with survey participants were conducted to figure out how their request speech acts were expressed. The most frequently used request strategy used by the four groups was to ask about a possibility of being accepted, when it came to the frequency of a request being made by language. However, due to linguistic and cultural uniqueness, the responses, such as Japanese Korean learners using the imperatives of directly making a request and the learners from English-speaking countries not making a request to others, were scored relatively higher than those of the other language sectors. The degree to which the participant felt burdened when making a request per language and the difference made by the distinct characteristics of each linguistic and cultural sector in uttering speech acts are summarized as follows. First, as for Korean native speakers and Japanese Korean learners, due to their being considerate to seniors and the culture of senior-junior relationships, listeners, rather than speakers, scored higher on a scale for feeling burdened, than those of the other language cultures, in either public or private situations where they were making a request to listeners in power, irrespective of whether they had maintained a close relationship with each other. Second, Japanese Korean learners and Chinese Korean learners revealed different aspects in their auxiliary strategy when asking favors to others. While Chinese Korean learners proposed compensation or expressed gratitude in advance on the presumption that the listener would accept the speaker’s request, Japanese Korean learners expressed their feeling grateful in the form of feeling sorry because of Japan’s cultures of apologies and thanks. In addition, Korean native speakers scored high on a scale for the realization of politeness when the requests, good for the speaker, burdensome for the listener, were made. Third, in the English-speaking culture where a kept promise is valued, the degree to which one felt burdened was high regardless of how close, powerful, or private the relationship between speaker and listener might be. Also, even in the same Oriental linguistic and cultural sector, there was a difference in frequency in which one felt burdened when asking favors depending on whether their relationship was private or public. As for the Japanese Korean learners whose promise culture was as important as that of English-using cultures, the burden of asking favors was scored high as well.