코민테른 제2-3차 세계대회의 조직 원칙과 국제주의 이념 -조직과 이념의 관계성을 중심으로-
Relationship Between Centralization and Internationalism as Revealed in the Second and Third World Congresses of the Comintern
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The birth of the communist parties in East Asia was the direct product of the Second Congress of the Comintern. The Comintern agencies which materialized the establishment of the communist parties of China, Korea, and Japan during 1921-1922 came with the message of the Second Congress--the organizational principle of centralization. This thesis will analyzes how the centralized organizational principle of the Second Congress affected proletarian internationalism of the Comintern during 1921-1922, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the Comintern’s influence on the birth of the communist movements in East Asia. In contrast to the First Congress of the Comintern that nearly failed to announce its establishment, the Second Congress unanimously adopted the theory of centralization as the main organizational principle of the Comintern: While the European socialists participating in the First Congress had firmly believed that centralized organizational principle was incompatible with proletarian internationalism, they, now in the Second Congress, unanimously passed the ‘Twenty-One Conditions’ and ‘Statutes’ which designated the Comintern as ‘a single communist party of the entire world.’ Had the representatives begun to accept Lenin’s idea that a highly centralized organization was the essential tool to realize proletarian internationalism? The representatives of the Second Congress did not realize how effectively the organizational principle would transform the meaning of internationalism. With success of the immanent European revolution the centralized organizational structure of the Comintern was conceived by them to disappear immediately, thus determining the conflict between organization and ideology―centralized organizational principle and proletarian internationalism― to be a ‘temporary’, not a ‘permanent’ one. However, after one year later, in the Third Congress, what had actually disappeared was not the conflict between organization and ideology but the ‘immanent European revolution’ which was the very element reconciling the international ideology and centralized organizational principle. As soon as the prospect of the ‘immanent European revolution’ disappeared, the organization, as Trotsky prophesied, began to “substitutes itself for the party as a whole.” The Second Congress of the Comintern endowed its executive committee with comprehensive power to control the communist parties of the world, transforming itself into ‘a single communist party of the entire world.’ This strong centralization, led to fundamental changes in the concept of proletarian internationalism of the Comintern. The ‘majority rule’ which was the essential element of proletarian internationalism of the First Congress now changed to a ‘minority rule’ as characterizing the proletarian internationalism of the Second Congress. The influence of centralized organizational principle on the meaning of internationalism became most obvious during the Third Congress, making a centralized organizational principle to be the ultimate driving force of the Comintern. In the end, the main message of the Comintern arriving at East Asia in 1921-1922 was not proletarian internationalism but a centralized organizational principle.
Abstract
The birth of the communist parties in East Asia was the direct product of the Second Congress of the Comintern. The Comintern agencies which materialized the establishment of the communist parties of China, Korea, and Japan during 1921-1922 came with the message of the Second Congress--the organizational principle of centralization. This thesis will analyzes how the centralized organizational principle of the Second Congress affected proletarian internationalism of the Comintern during 1921-1922, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the Comintern’s influence on the birth of the communist movements in East Asia. In contrast to the First Congress of the Comintern that nearly failed to announce its establishment, the Second Congress unanimously adopted the theory of centralization as the main organizational principle of the Comintern: While the European socialists participating in the First Congress had firmly believed that centralized organizational principle was incompatible with proletarian internationalism, they, now in the Second Congress, unanimously passed the ‘Twenty-One Conditions’ and ‘Statutes’ which designated the Comintern as ‘a single communist party of the entire world.’ Had the representatives begun to accept Lenin’s idea that a highly centralized organization was the essential tool to realize proletarian internationalism? The representatives of the Second Congress did not realize how effectively the organizational principle would transform the meaning of internationalism. With success of the immanent European revolution the centralized organizational structure of the Comintern was conceived by them to disappear immediately, thus determining the conflict between organization and ideology―centralized organizational principle and proletarian internationalism― to be a ‘temporary’, not a ‘permanent’ one. However, after one year later, in the Third Congress, what had actually disappeared was not the conflict between organization and ideology but the ‘immanent European revolution’ which was the very element reconciling the international ideology and centralized organizational principle. As soon as the prospect of the ‘immanent European revolution’ disappeared, the organization, as Trotsky prophesied, began to “substitutes itself for the party as a whole.” The Second Congress of the Comintern endowed its executive committee with comprehensive power to control the communist parties of the world, transforming itself into ‘a single communist party of the entire world.’ This strong centralization, led to fundamental changes in the concept of proletarian internationalism of the Comintern. The ‘majority rule’ which was the essential element of proletarian internationalism of the First Congress now changed to a ‘minority rule’ as characterizing the proletarian internationalism of the Second Congress. The influence of centralized organizational principle on the meaning of internationalism became most obvious during the Third Congress, making a centralized organizational principle to be the ultimate driving force of the Comintern. In the end, the main message of the Comintern arriving at East Asia in 1921-1922 was not proletarian internationalism but a centralized organizational principle.
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