이능화의 『조선해어화사』에 의한 기생사(史) 및 기생상(像)의 왜곡에 관한 연구 Ⅲ - 이능화에 의한‘왜곡된 기생의 정의와 분류법’ 「기생=갈보(매춘부):일패(기생), 이패(은근자․은군자), 삼패(탑앙모리)」 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the numbers of academic errors and distortions objectively and empirically one by one found in 「Gisaeng=Galbo(prostitute) : Gisaeng(Ilpae), Eungeunja․Eungunja(Ipae), Tapangmori(Sampae)」 of Lee Neunghwa who adopted, distorted, and expanded such distorted classification method during the Japanese colonial period based on reviewed whole materials and records of the time. In ‘The Distortion of Gisaeng’s History and Image in the Korean Peninsula’, Gisaeng was distorted as Galbo for the first time in 1901 by Tsuneya Seifuku who wrote JoseonGaehwasa. In 1914, Gisaeng was more seriously concluded and distorted as a prostitute by the Japanese Government-General of Korea’s police officer named Imamura Domo who wrote JoseonPungsokjip. In 1927, Gisaeng was distorted again as Galbo․prostitute by a pro-Japanese collaborator named Lee Neunghwa who wrote Joseonhaeeohwasa. Kawamura Minato who wrote Gisaeng–A Talking Flower in 2001, Suh Jiyoung who wrote A Study on Gisaeng During Japanese Colonial Era (1)–Modern Reconstruction of Kisaeng(Female Entertainers) in Colonial Korea in 2005, and Lee Younghoon who wrote Anti-Japanese Tribalism in 2019 are the ones who most actively utilized and cited ‘Three Representative Literatures that Distorted Gisaeng’s History and Image in the Korean Peninsula’ in the modern times. Kawamura Minato and Suh Jiyoung utilized and cited on the distorted literatures because these literatures match the most with their logic claiming that “Gisaeng was like changnyeo, prostitute, unlicensed prostitute and enforced sex slaves.” In other words, ‘The Distortion of Gisaeng’s History and Image in the Korean Peninsula’ has been continuing from TsuneyaSeifuku(Gisaeng=Galbo)in1901→Imamuradomo(Gisaeng= Prostitute) in 1914→Lee Neunghwa(Gisaeng= Galbo․Prostitute)in1927→KawamuraMinato(Gisaeng=Prostitute․Yunraknyeo) in 2001→Suh Jiyoung(Gisaeng=unlicensed prostitute) in 2005→Lee Young Hun(Gisaeng= Prostitute․enforced sex slaves) in 2019. However, according to the matters clarified in I and II of this series and matters examined in this study, 『Joseonhaeeohwasa』 are the literatures that involve numbers of academic errors and distortions. Therefore, when citing the parts from these distorted literatures, it is necessary to have an attitude of adopt them after researching on additional historical records while reviewing and securing the logical validity at the same time. It is impossible to punish Lee Neunghwa and other pro-Japanese and anti-national collaborators who already deceased. Still, one must be aware that the he or she could be stigmatized eternally to the posterities with the dishonor of being called as pro-Japanese collaborator, betrayer, and history distorter in the Korean history based on the records of pro-Japanese activities, betrayal against nation, and distortion of the history in a clumsy manner by making an error of hasty generalization from only few controversial records. One also must discuss about the history with enough generalizable evidences.