시진핑 3기 과학기술 자립자강 전략의 내용과 함의

Abstract

As the U.S.-China strategic competition intensifies, the United States has significantly escalated its comprehensive sanctions on China’s advanced industries. In response, China is pursuing a national strategy of ‘technology autarky.’ This paper explores the implications and contents of China’s technology autarky strategy within the Chinese context, based on a literature review of key components such as strategic science and technology capabilities and the ‘qia bo zi(bottle-neck)’ technology under Xi Jinping’s third term. Building on this foundation, the study examines China’s key strategies for achieving technology self-reliance at the national level, including ‘science and technology governance coordination,’ ‘support for basic research and original innovation,’ ‘self- reliance of innovation value chain based on industry-academia-research collaboration,’ ‘strategic talent cultivation,’ and ‘international cooperation of scientific and technological.’ The goal is to derive an assessment and implications for us.The analysis reveals that China’s policies to support basic research and to enhance self-reliance of the industrial ecosystem are being executed systematically. The talent policy supporting these efforts is also being strategically pursued. However, the feasibility of establishing a centralized science and technology governance structure and the increased risk of international cooperation due to counter-espionage laws pose potential obstacles to China’s sustainable technological advancement.