한국시가의 語調 유형 분류 試論

Abstract

This study tries to classify tone types which can be applied in Korean poetry including both classical and modern poems. The result of the study is as follows. Tone types need to be classified according to the basic conception of tone which indicates the speaker's attitude toward his/her topic, toward his/her hearer, and sometimes toward himself/herself. The tone-deciding factor depends on the dominant in the discourse structure of poems. Thus, it is proper to classify tone types by using as a criterion the psychical distance from the topic in the case of poetic works where the topic is the dominant, while in the case of works where the hearer is the dominant the hierarchical relation between speaker and hearer needs to be employed as a criterion. Meanwhile whatever the dominant is, the speaker's attitude toward himself/herself needs to be considered in both cases. In the case of works with the topic as the dominant, tones can be classified into four types from the shortest to the remotest of the speaker's psychical distance from the topic: a type of absorption, a type of intervention, a type of observation, and a type of exclusion or destruction. And the intervenient tone type, which is the one that includes most works of Korean poetry, can be divided into two kinds: a type of empirical intervention and a type of ideated intervention. In the case of works with the hearer as the dominant, tones can be classified into three types: a type of speaker superiority, a type of hearer superiority, a type of speaker-hearer equivalency. The speaker may deny or suspect his/her own attitude in the above all cases, and then the tone of the speaker becomes ironical or self-scorning. This classification of tone types can be useful in illuminating the character of each work, poet, genre or group of Korean poetry on the one hand and contribute to the study about the synchronic and diachronic relations among them on the other hand.