한중 문화교류의 유형과 석릉수간의 위상

Abstract

Since Chinese characters were introduced to Korea, the letters have served as a means of cultural exchange between Korea and China. During the Three Kingdoms Period and the Goryeo Dynasty Period, a wide range of people, including students and merchants, were allowed to travel to China. During the Joseon Dynasty, however, only a small number of envoys responsible for delivering sovereign messages were permitted to cross the border. Those envoys were called Jocheon(朝天) in the Ming Period and Yeonhang(燕行) in the Qing Period. They made contact with literary circles in Beijing, actively or cautiously depending on the social atmosphere at that time, through literary exchange(筆談) and verifying poetry(唱和). When Chinese envoys came to Joseon, they exchanged Chinese poems with reception (接伴) poets, and those poems were published in Hwanghwajib(皇華集). Sino-Korean cultural exchange most often took place in Beijing. However, when Im-O Gunran(the Military Mutiny of 1882) occurred and General Wu Changqing’s troops were stationed in Joseon, commanders and military writers from Qing and reception officers from Joseon were the key players in cultural exchange. Yuan Shikai, the youngest member of Wu Changqing’s staff, built up his political power while staying in Joseon, eventually becoming President of the Republic of China and later Emperor of the Empire of China. During Im-O Gunran, Kim Chang-Hee, a reception officer of Joseon, collected 138 poems and 124 letters from 25 members of Wu Changqing’s staff and published Seok-neung-su-gan(石菱受柬). The poems and letters in this book cannot be found in any anthologies or correspondence books from the Qing Period. Seok-neung-su-gan holds a unique and important status in the history of Sino-Korean cultural exchange given that it was published in a special space, Hanyang (the former name of Seoul), and at a special time, the year 1880, when Daewongun was ousted. It is also meaningful because of the large number of poems in the book, and Yuan Shikai was able to become an emperor on the basis of the power he amassed in Joseon.