日本語「あげる・もらう・くれる」と韓国語「주다・받다」の使用基準の違いについて―「くれる」の使用に関する韓国語を母語とする学習者の誤用に着目して―

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between the usage of Korean juda(give) and badda(receive), and Japanese ageru, kureru, and morau for Japanese language learners. I examined the criteria for the usage of Japanese and Korean giving and receiving expressions using Korean-Japanese bilingual materials. The kind of verb used to express giving and receiving in Japanese depends on the expression's topic and the nature of the relationship between the donor and the recipient. On the other hand, the verb for giving and receiving in Korean is exclusively based on the expression's subject. It is assumed that the Korean badda and the Japanese morau will correlate one to one if the receiver is the subject of the giving and receiving expression. However, in Japanese, the relationship between the giver and the receiver affects whether ageru or kureru should be used when the topic is the giver. As a result, when learning ageru and kureru, Korean learners may become perplexed. According to Japanese grammar books and textbooks, kureru is used when the receiver is the first person or someone socially close to him/her, which may result in the improper use of kureru when the giver is the first person and the receiver is close to the speaker. In fact, the misuse of kureru by learners in "この本、もう読んだから君にくれるよ。" (I have already read this book; I will give it to you)" is believed to be caused by using kureru because of the receiver's proximity to the speaker. The findings of this analysis indicates that ageru should be used when the subject is the giver, whereas morau is used when the subject is the receiver and both the giver and the receiver are close to each other. Given these circumstances, it is essential to expressly state that kureru shouldn't be used either when the donor and the recipient are on equal footing or when the giver is the