日本語の感情形容詞と感情動詞の使役表現をめぐって

Abstract

Emotive adjectives and emotive verbs in Japanese can be used as causative expressions meaning that someone or something (causer) causes a person (causee) to change his/her emotional state. This study aims to clarify meaning differences among the following four causative expressions: ‘emotive adjective＋スル(suru)’, ‘emotive adjective＋サセル(saseru)’, ‘emotive adjective＋ガラセル(garaseru)’, and ‘emotive verb＋セル(seru)’. It divides a causer into nine types by the presence of volition, and it studies the features of the target causative expressions according to whether the causer has volition as well as whether how the causer affects the causee. In conclusion, the study proved that in the cases of ‘emotive adjective＋ガラセル(garaseru)’ and ‘emotive verb＋セル(seru)’, the percentage of the causer with volition is higher, and the causer has a tendency to directly trigger the emotional changes of the causee. On the contrary, in the cases of ‘emotive adjective＋スル(suru)’, the percentage of the causer with volition is lower, and the causer tends not to directly affect the causee, but the emotive states of the causee changes autonomously. At last, in the cases of ‘emotive adjectives＋サセル(saseru)’, the percentage of the causer with volition is about 50%. Some data indicate that the causer has a tendency to directly trigger the causee's emotional changes, but others show that the emotive states of the causee change autonomously instead of being directly affected by the causer.