逆行態 「Vてくる」の意味と用法

Abstract

This paper clarified the following three points about "V-tekuru" constructions expressing the inverse voice. First, the semantic conditions involved in the formation of inverse voice "V-tekuru" constructions are discussed in terms of "direction　of action" and "transitivity of action." Regarding "direction of action," it was clarified that subject’s action must be directed toward others, not terminated as his or her own action. Regarding the "transitivity of action," it was clarified that the verb used in inverse voice must not be the one with strong transitivity that causes a change of state of the object. Second, the reasons for the sense such as "discomfort" and "embarrassment" expressed by the inverse voice "v-tekuru"constructions are considered from both syntactic and pragmatic factors. As for syntactic factors, it was clarified that whether the recipient of the action, the speaker, is a direct or indirect object is deeply related. In other words, comparing the argument structure of "A-ga B-ni C-o V" and "A –ga B-o/ni V", the former is less likely to produce the sense such as "discomfort" and "embarrassment", while the latter is more likely to do so. This difference in argument structure is related to whether the addition of "tekuru" is obligatory or optional, and it was found that the sense such as "discomfort" and "embarrassment" is less likely to occur when it is obligatory, but more likely to occur when it is optional. Third, it is argued that the semantic feature of "change of phase" is recognized in a special type of "V tekuru" constructions in which the subject's action is not directed to the speaker, i.e., the receiver of the action does not exist or cannnot be identified.