1950년대 문화 재편과 검열

Abstract

Culture reorganization in 1950's was driven by two aspects. One, in the aspect of culture change, was sudden sociocultural changes caused by Korean War, the other, in the aspect of culture assimilation, included the effects of American culture and national modernization plans. Especially in the process of controling over civil society, national power which completed pacification through Korean War restricted the culture and tried to establish stable control system through it. In the center of culture control did censorship exist. We had unified censorship system in 1950's whose center was the Ministry of Culture and Education. The censorship system played a contradictory role of controlling and developing the culture at a time. The nation distributed limited resources selectively, which had culture control maximized, causing a struggle for power. Thus, the area of the culture could be controled in some degrees without censorship by force contrary to that of politics. In 1950's, the primary object of censorship was to restrict ideologies. Strictly conducted censorship on the basis of anti-Communism and anti-Japanese banned any discourses except anti-Communism in a place for public opinion and overflew modern discourses such as liberty, democracy, and cultivation. Meeting people's modern desires, increasing modern discourses made new cultural atmosphere in the whole society. Balloon effect caused by 'closed opening' in discourses gave birth to prosperity of the post-political popular stories. In short, censorship played the role to divide and stand together official culture and popular culture. It was censorship that made the koran culture newly reorganized in 1950's.