문화공보부의 출범과 문화냉전의 내전(內戰)화 - 제1차 문예중흥 5개년 계획 이전 《월간문학》의 민족문화론과 국위선양론을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Cold War and cultural history implications of the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Public Information in 1968. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Public Affairs has been evaluated as a milestone in the history of Korean cultural policy, as it unified the ministry in charge of cultural policy, which was previously divided into the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Affairs, and enabled a systematic cultural support policy. This paper identifies the Cultural Cold War implications of the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Public Affairs by comparing its early literary promotion programs with the cultural and artistic aid programs of U.S. Cultural Cold War organizations in Korea. The period from the Korean War armistice to the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Public Affairs is a period in Korean cultural and intellectual history when the country had to rebuild the cultural and intellectual infrastructure destroyed after the Korean War. During this period, U.S. cultural Cold War organizations such as the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations, the Asia Foundation, and the Council for Cultural Freedom sought to expand U.S. cultural influence in Korea by providing material and intellectual support to Korean intellectuals, organizations, and media. Korean intellectuals understood this as a violation of Korean intellectual autonomy. However, the reduction of cultural aid by the U.S. Cultural Cold War Organization from 1968 onward did not lead to increased intellectual autonomy for Korean intellectuals, but rather to the expansion of the South Korean government's influence over Korean intellectuals on behalf of the U.S. Cultural Cold War Organization. This meant that the discourse of controlled nationalism and its expressive apparatuses would receive stronger support from the South Korean government at the expense of the internationalist orientation emphasized by the U.S. Cultural Cold War, including literary translation. This paper attempts to contribute to the examination of the political conservatization of the Korean literary scene after 1968 by examining the Cultural Cold War contexts of the post-1968 conservative literary movement represented by a literary magazine Wolganmunhak. This study promotes a new approach to the study of literary history in the 1960s and 70s, as it has the potential to be extended to the study of conservative literary movements in general.