남송 도학, 가(家)·국(國) 관계의 두 규범양식 — 주희와 육구연의 차이를 중심으로 —

Abstract

This study is the first step in an effort to examine "what material basis or partisanship do the ideas advocated by Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan reflect for interpreting state and social issues in the Southern Song Dynasty at the time, and conversely, how did their ideological differences affect their tendencies to think about state and society?" The reason for contrasting Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan is that the archetype of Zhu Xi's thought, before her ideas became the doctrine of the system, becomes clearer in contrast to Lu Jiuyuan. This paper proceeds by rereading the framework of a Existing research that dealt with them at the level of political thought. At the level of political thought, Zhu Xi's influence shaped Post-Southern Song and Premodern East Asian states and societies, so he had been often perceived as a symbol of feudalism. On the other hand, by identifying Lu Jiuyuan-Wang Shouren as 心學, the anxieties of the feudal system or the possibility of modernization had been read through Lu Jiuyuan. In this study, I first pay attention to the difference between Zhu Xi's and Lu Jiuyuan's reality-based orientations in the specific history of the Southern Song Dynasty: while Zhu Xi was intensely concerned with the unification of the small clan family and the overall reconstruction of Southern Song society, Lu Jiuyuan's family was similar to the large clan family forms that existed before the end of the Tang Dynasty. Attending to these bases, I would reread the existing 格物, 心性論, and 無極-太極 debates in the light of the history of the time to identify the nature of the two normative orientations found in them. Then, I offer some clues to substantiate these tentative conclusions through the problems of the 孝經 and the 理一分殊.