온라인 뉴스 환경에서 태도강도와 과제 유무에 따른 선택적 노출이 태도극화에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Selective Exposure and Attitude Polarization by Attitude Strength and Task on the News Website
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인쇄된 형태의 신문을 보던 시대에서 온라인 뉴스 시대로 변모함에 따라 사람들에게 노출되는 정보의 양은 극대화되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 사람들이 정보처리를 할 때 태도강도와 과제 유무에 따른 선택적 노출과 태도극화를 비교하였다. 대학생 32명을 대상으로 과제(유/무)와 태도강도(강한 집단/약한 집단)에 따른 선택적 노출과 태도극화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과제가 없는 조건에서 태도강도가 강한 사람들은 자신의 태도와 일치하는 정보를 더 많이 자주 보았다. 둘째, 과제가 없는 조건일 때 태도강도가 강한 사람들은 자신의 태도와 일치하는 정보에 대해 더 많이 회상하였다. 셋째, 선택적 노출을 통해 집단 간 태도극화의 차이가 나타났으며, 태도강도가 강한 집단은 태도가 기존 태도와 반대되는 방향으로 중화되는 경향을 보였지만, 태도강도가 약한 집단은 태도극화가 발생하였다. 이는 태도강도가 강하고 시간적 제약이 없는 과제 없는 조건에 노출된 사람들은 자신의 태도와 일치하는 정보에 대해 더 많이 보고, 더 많이 기억하는 경향이 나타나며, 이러한 선택적 노출은 기존 태도에도 영향을 미쳐 태도강도가 약한 사람의 경우 극화를, 강한 사람의 경우 중화되는 결과를 초래함을 의미한다. 본 연구는 온라인 뉴스 기사를 보는 상황에서 기존 태도에 따른 선택적 노출과 태도극화를 태도강도와 과제 유무에 따라 비교함으로써, 학문적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The amount of information exposed to people has been maximized as it has changed from viewing newspapers in print to viewing online news articles. Therefore, this study compared the selective exposure with the attitude polarization according to the attitude strength and the task absence or presence when people process information. The results about selective exposure and attitude polarization by task(presence/absence) and attitude strength(strong group/weak group) for 32 students are as follow. First, in no task condition, people whose attitude strength were strong looked information they agreed more and frequently. Second, in no task condition, people whose attitude strength were strong memorized information they agreed more. Third, because selective exposure affected attitude polarization, people whose attitude strength were strong depolarized into their prior attitude but people whose attitude strength were weak polarized into their prior attitude. These results mean in no task condition people whose attitude strength are strong tend to look information they agree more and frequently, and memorize well. Moreover, selective exposure affected attitude polarization, therefore people whose attitude strength were weak polarized into their prior attitude, but people whose attitude strength were strong depolarized into their prior attitude. By comparing selective exposure and attitude polarization by attitude strength and task in online news ecosystem, theoretical and practical implications were discussed at the end.
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