인출연습 시기에 따른 장기파지 효과
The Effect on the Long-term Retention of the Timing of Retrieval Practice
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이 연구의 목적은 효과적인 학습전략으로 확인된 인출연습의 시기에 따른 파지효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 다양한 초기 인출연습 시기의 장기파지 효과와 즉각적인 초기 인출연습 후 다양한 시기별로 추가된 후속 인출연습의 파지 변화를 심층적으로 확인하고자, Spitzer(1939) 연구에 몇 가지 실험처치를 보완하였다. 이 연구는 정적집단 비교설계로 중학교 1학년 217명을 학급단위로 10개 실험처치 그룹에 배정하였다. 연구결과, 학습 후 초기 인출연습을 즉시 실시하였을 때 가장 높은 파지를 보였다. 그러나 초기 인출연습의 시기를 다양하게 지연한 집단은 학습자료를 읽지 않고 시험만 친 통제집단과 비슷한 파지를 보였다. 초기 인출연습을 즉시 실시했더라도 인출연습의 반복시기를 지연한 경우(집단1~2)에 단기파지는 감소했지만, 초기 인출연습을 지연한 경우(집단3~7)보다 장기파지는 높았다. 따라서 학습 후 즉각적으로 초기 인출연습을 실시하는 것이 학습내용 간의 간섭을 막고, 수업내용 이해도를 향상시키는 방법임을 확인했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the retention effect by the various timing of retrieval practice. This study complemented treatments of Spitzer(1939) to clarify effect on long-term retention according to various timing of initial retrieval practice and to examine the change in retention on various subsequent retrieval practice after initial retrieval practice. The experiment was a static-group comparison design and 217 first-year students of middle school were assigned to 10 groups with a class as a unit. As a result of this study, the highest retention happened when initial retrieval practice was made immediately after studying. When the timing of initial retrieval practice was variously delayed, retention was not significantly different from the control group which took the test without studying the reading material. When the repeated retrieval practice was delayed, even with the condition of immediate initial retrieval practice, there was a decrease in short-term retention. However, the long-term retention after about 2 months was higher when initial retrieval practice was performed immediately than when immediate initial retrieval practice was delayed after studying. Therefore, this study confirmed that the immediate retrieval practice after learning could prevent interference among the learned contents and improve students' understanding of learning contents.
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