인출시기에 따른 학습전략의 산문 파지 효과
Effects of Learning Strategies with Various Retrieval Intervals on Memory Retention in Prose
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초록
이 연구는 인출시기에 따라 산문 파지에 끼치는 3가지 학습전략의 효과를 교육현장의 실제성을 반영하여 확인하였다. 교육현장의 실제성이란 산문학습에 영향을 미치는 국어성취도 선행수준과 학습전략별 학습에 사용하는 시간을 의미한다. 실험은 피험자간 설계로 고등학교 1학년 78명을 대상으로 산문학습에서 3가지 학습전략(내적인출, 외적인출, 반복읽기)을 사용하여 인출시기(0일, 2일, 7일)에 따른 각 전략의 파지를 측정하였다. 실험집단별 국어성취도와 각 전략을 수행하는데 사용된 학습시간을 공변인으로 설정하고 인출시기에 따라 학습전략별로 측정한 파지를 반복측정 공분산분석(RMANCOVA)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 인출시기별로 효과적인 학습전략이 도출되었다. 반복읽기는 단기파지에 효과적이었으며 내적인출은 학습시간대비 장기파지에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 외적인출은 인출시기가 길어짐에 따라 파지의 감소폭이 다른 두 집단에 비해 작은 것으로 나타나서 망각을 예방하는 데 좀 더 강력한 방법임을 보여주었다. 뿐만 아니라 학습시간을 통제하지 않을 경우, 외적인출은 다른 두 학습전략에 비해 모든 인출시기에서 가장 높은 파지를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to confirm the retention differences according to three learning strategies and retrieval intervals using prose in the state of reflecting the educational field’s reality as much as possible. The reality of the educational field means reflecting on the academic achievement of Korean language and the self-paced study time. The research experiment was designed between subjects. Subjects were 78 tenth graders. “The World of Nobel Prizes” was edited and used as a study material. The subjects were randomly sampled by class and placed in 3 groups (rereading vs. covert retrieval vs. overt retrieval) by learning strategy. The retrievals of each strategy were measured according to the retrieval intervals. RMANCOVA was used for statistical analysis of the data. The two educational field’s reality factors were set as covariates. As a result of the research, an effective learning strategy was drawn for each retrieval interval. Rereading was beneficial to maintaining memory for a short period of time. Covert retrieval was effective for long-term retention relative to the study time used. As the retrieval interval got longer, the degree of retention decrease in overt retrieval got smaller than the other groups. This suggests the overt retrieval may be a powerful way to prevent forgetting. Moreover, it was found that the overt retrieval has the highest retention among retrieval intervals if without the study time control.
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