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인출방법과 학습시간이 산문파지의 인출촉진유도에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Retrieval Format and Study Time on Retrieval-Induced Facilitation of Retention in Prose

홍주영
한국교육방법학회 (The Korean Journal Of Educational Methodology Studies)|2021.02|교육방법연구 (The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies)|제33권 제1호|pp. 205-225|DOI 10.17927/tkjems.2021.33.1.205

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시험효과Retention인출연습파지내적인출외적인출Test effectCovert retrievalOvert retrievalRetrieval practice인출촉진유도Retrieval-induced facilitation
주제분류교육학

초록

장기기억증진효과가 있는 학습전략인 인출연습을 수행할 때 수행방법과 학습시간의 차이에 따라 인출되는 파지량에 차이가 있는지를 알아봄으로써 인출촉진유도현상이 발생여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 인출방법(내적인출 vs. 외적인출)과 학습시간(자유시간 vs.6분학습)을 주요변수로 설정하였다. 실험대상은 중학교 3학년 남학생 142명이었다. 실험 도구는 학교 교과서에 산문형식의 지문이 많다는 사실을 고려하여 26줄 4단락으로 이루어진 산문을 선택하였다. 실험은 2(내적인출, 외적인출)×2(자유학습, 6분학습) 피험자 간 설계로 구성하였으며 2일 후 네 집단의 파지를 측정하였다. 수집된 자료 중 총 121명의 자료를 Two-Way ANOVA로 분석하였다. 실험결과 인출방법에 따라 파지에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외적인출의 파지가 내적인출에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 그러나 학습시간의 제한여부는 파지에 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 즉, 자유학습과 6분학습 간 파지의 통계적 차이는 없었다. 또한 인출방법과 학습시간 간 상호작용효과는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 외적인출에 필요한 평균 학습시간을 할당하는 경우 외적인출은 자기보조학습과 비슷한 효과를 보인다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 또한 내적인출에서 학습시간의 증가가 파지의 양적 증가를 보장하지 않는다는 점을 확인하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to confirm the Retrieval- induced facilitation of retention by that the difference in retrieval formats and study times affects the difference in the amount of retention retrieved when doing the retrieval practice which is well known learning strategy for its long-term memory enhancement. For this, the retrieval format and the study time were set as the main variables. The subjects were 142 male middle school 3rd graders. As a experimental tool, a prose consisting of 26 lines of 4 paragraphs was selected considering that the school textbooks were usually written in prose. The experiment was designed between subjects. The research tool was a prose consisting of 4 paragraphs. The research design was consisted of two retrieval formats(covert, overt)×two study times(unlimited, 6min) within subject, and the retention scores of each groups were measured two days later. The results were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance(Two-way ANOVA) of the 121 subjects’ data. As a result of the experiment, it was found that there was a difference in retention depending on the retrieval formats The retention of the overt conditions was statistically better then the covert conditions’. But the study time did not affect the retentions. In other words, there was no statistical difference in retention between study time conditions(unlimited vs. 6min). No interaction effect was between retrieval formats and study time conditions. Therefore, if the study time is enough, the limited overt retrieval can have similar test effect to the self-paced. At the covert retrieval, furthermore, it was confirmed that the increase of study time did not guarantee the increase in the quantity of retention.

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