산문자료 학습에서 인출 연습과 문제 유형이 파지에 미치는 효과
The Effect of Retrieval Practice and Question Types on Prose Passage Learning
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초록
학습자들이 이전에 학습한 자료에 대하여 인출 연습(시험)을 해 보는 것은 학습 파지를 증진시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인출 연습 실험을 위해 한국어 산문자료를 개발하였으며, 중학생을 대상으로 하여 인출 연습 및 추가 인출 연습, 문제 유형이 학습 파지에 미치는 효과에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 학습 파지를 위해서는 인출 및 추가 인출 연습을 해 보는 것이 매우 효과적이며, 단답형 문항이 선택형 문항보다 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 학습자들의 자기 보고 형식의 추정 응답률에서 선택형 문항에서는 학습자들이 학습 내용을 정확히 파지했다고 보기 어려운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 인출 연습과 문제 유형은 매우 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 교실 수업에서 학습 후 인출 연습의 중요성과, 단답형 문항의 비율을 높임으로써 학습 파지를 증진시킬 수 있으며, 형성평가 등을 적극 활용한 교수․학습을 설계할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
It is possible to improve the learning retention of the learners to retrieval practice(testing) on previously learned materials. In this study, we developed Korean prose passage for retrieval practice experiments and examined the effect of retrieval practice, additional retrieval practice, and question type on learning retention for middle school students. As a result, it is very effective to retrieval practice and additional retrieval practice for learning retention, and short-answer items are more effective than multiple-choice items. In the estimation response rate of learners' self-report form, it was confirmed that the learners did not get retention on the learning contents correctly in the multiple-choice item. And there was a very high correlation between retrieval practice and question type. Therefore, it is suggested to design the teaching and learning that can enhance the learning retention by increasing the importance of the post-learning retrieval practice and the proportion of the short-answer type questions in the classroom lesson and actively utilizing the formative evaluation.
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