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거시경제, 경제 상황에 대한 주관적 인식 그리고 대통령 지지율: 문재인 정부 시기를 중심으로

Macroeconomics, Public’s Perception of Economic Conditions, and Presidential Approval Ratings

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초록

본 연구는 실증적 분석을 통해 대통령 지지율과 경제 상황 간 관계를 밝히고자 했다. 연구 대상은 문재인 정부 시기의 대통령 지지율이다. 시계열 모형을 활용한 실증 분석 결과, 대중이 경제 상황을 어떻게 인식하는가가 대통령 지지율 변화에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인했다. 특히 한국 대중은 경제 상황에 대한 회고적 평가가 아닌 전망적 평가에 기반해 현직 대통령 지지 여부를 선택하고 있었다. 또한 대중의 전망적 평가는 국가 경제를 고려하는 사회지향적 인식보다는 자신의 경제적 생활 형편을 평가 기준으로 삼는 자기중심적 인식의 특징을 지니고 있었다. 반면 대통령 지지율에 대한 거시경제 변수의 유의미한 영향력은 발견하지 못했다.

Abstract

This study attempted to reveal the relationship between economic conditions and presidential approval ratings focusing on the period of the Moon Jae-In government. The results of the empirical analysis shows that the Korean public chooses whether to support the incumbent president based on a "prospective" evaluation of the economic situation rather than a "retrospective" evaluation. The study also found that the public's evaluation is mainly based more on egocentric than sociotropic perception. Also, the influence of macroeconomic variables on the president's approval rating was not found. This means that the objective indicator of the economic situation itself is not a factor that leads to a change in the president's approval rating, but rather how the public perceives the economic situation.

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