자침(磁針) 없는 나침반 : 영국 없는 유럽연합의 안보 전략의 가능성
“Compass” without a Magnetic Needle : Outlook of EU Military Strategy without UK
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2008년 미국에서 시작된 글로벌 금융위기로부터 시작된 자유주의 질서 위기는 미국 패권 쇠퇴의 서막을 알렸고, 2010년 유로존 위기, 그리고 Covid-19 대유행은 이를 서방 전체의 위기 심화로 만들었다. 따라서 중국의 부상은 미국 패권질서에 균열을 내며 ‘신냉전’ 국제질서를 형성시키고, 러시아의 우크라이나 공습으로 이어지며 이는 실질화 되고 있다. 무엇보다 EU의 취약점인 군사안보 분야에 대한 강한 도전이라는 점에서 ‘서방’의 위기감은 공유되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 대외적 변화와 이에 대응하기 위한 EU의 안보정책과 그 전망에 대해서 살펴보았다. 그동안 경제적 우위에 기댄 대안 규범(시민)권력을 안보적 층위에서 고려해 온 EU의 군사안보가 정부간주의로 보완해 왔으나, 영국의 이탈과 NATO의 방치로 군사안보 공백을 어떻게 유인해 낼 것인가 하는 점은 향후 국제질서를 가늠한데 요소라는 점에서 중요하다. 특히, EU가 NATO를 매개로 인도태평양, 동아시아로 이어지는 군사적 횡단 연합 전선에서 어떤 역할을 맡게 될 것인지 하는 지점은 주요하게 살펴봐야 할 부분이다.
Abstract
The crisis of the liberal international order, initiated by the 2008 Financial Crisis in the United States, marked the onset of U.S. hegemonic decline. Consequently, China's ascension introduced a rift in the structure of U.S. hegemony, giving rise to the 'New Cold War' global order. This transformation was concretized by Russia's subsequent invasion of Ukraine. Primarily, the prevailing sense of crisis resonates throughout the Western world, as the invasion profoundly challenged the military security of the EU. Thus, this study examines the national security policies of the EU in response to those changes of international order. EU defines their security concept as the normative power such as "civilian power" founded on the economic superiority and supplemented by intergovernmentalism in terms of military security. However, the Brexit and NATO's "brain death" after Cold War but also Ukraine war have left the EU recognition of the military-security vacuum. In the regard, EU faces on the challenge how EU compel UK and NATO involve into the unstable European international order. It is important to understand next hegemonic international order.
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