문헌 및 고고자료를 통해 본 고대 장송의례 - 백제를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study investigated the funeral and burial rituals of Baekje through literature and archeological materials. This study figured out the aspects of the early state-level funeral and burial rituals and the funeral and burial rituals of the Three States and reviewed the process of changes. For archeological materials, this study investigated the representative relics for ancestral rites, centered around the cities in the Baekje area. The Mt. Jeongji-san remains can be seen as a place where the national ancestral rites, which were usually Binjang. This study paid attention to the pit in District A of Bangdanjeokseok (squared altar where stones were piled up) relics in Songsan-ri Ancient Tombs as a material by which the ritual relevance between Mahan and Baekje could be seen. District D was also examined as an altar facility in the three square-shaped columns. Also in the Jeokseok (stones were piled up) relics of Gongju Suchon-ri remains, which was built before the transfer of the capital to Ungjin, there is a trace that it was used as a space for rituals, which was similar to the Seokchon-dong Ancient Tombs, a royal tomb during the Hanseong period. In addition, this study examined the aspects of the early state-level funeral and burial rituals through “Dongyi-jeon” in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In particular, in the Buyeo dynasty, funeral customs are identified in the mid-to-late-3rd century, which is assumed to be Binjang. Next, in the Okjeo dynasty, there was a custom of Segol-jang, and the body was temporarily buried. The funeral and burial rituals of Mahan was changed by the influence of the Baekje culture. Also, in the Byeonjin dynasty, there was an association with the thought of the afterlife, e.g. The features of a big bird were used for a funeral. Since Bok (garment) is commonly mentioned for the Baekje funeral and burial rituals in Chinese history books, it is noted that Boksang was a general Funeral and Burial Ritual in the 7th century. In addition, in the Three States, there were music, dance and wailing in the funeral and burial rituals, which can be seen as funeral rites affected by Confucianism. Also, in Baekje, it was combined with Buddhism through the Binjeon facilities in the building site north of Buyeo Neungsa Temple. Like this, the funeral and burial rituals of the Three States were changed with the influence on the traditional thought of the afterlife by the introduction of Buddhism and Confucianism. Especially, the tombstone of the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong shows consistency with the Confucian funeral and burial rituals. Also, this study examined the impact of Taoism through Maejigwon (the bill of the sales of the site). In addition, the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong is very likely to be Binjeon in which the body was enshrined in the coffin. However, it was noted that Bin was chosen later due to several technical issues for Binjeon. Like this, in the funeral and burial rituals of Baekje, the funeral culture was changed and developed as we accepted our own funeral and burial rituals like those of Buyeo and Mahan and Chinese culture.