백제의 아산지역 진출 시기 재검토

Abstract

Asan(牙山) is the first and last place to be identified in the King Onjo(溫祚王) of the SamgukSagi(三國史記). Nevertheless, Asan is a very important area for Baekje to territorialize Mahan(馬韓). Particularly, the construction of Daedusanseong Fortress(大豆山城) and Tangjeongseong Fortress(湯井城), which are presumed to be in the Asan area, as well as hunting activities in the Asan area, can be interpreted as evidence that Baekje directly governed the Asan area. In the end, Baekje's expansion into the Asan area is clearly linked to the records of its expansion into the Mahan area and its eventual downfall, when considered alongside other records from the reign of King Onjo(溫祚王). However, it is difficult to fully accept the chronology of King Onjo's reign as it is. For this reason, the timeline of when the Asan area became part of Baekje's territory has been interpreted and adjusted through various perspectives and methods. The problem is that, due to the lack of precise records, this has been somewhat loosely interpreted. Therefore, the most effective approach at this point is to examine both when the Mahan cultural artifacts in the Asan area transitioned to Baekje and when Baekje's fortresses were constructed. Reviewing the excavation findings in the Asan area to date, Baekje's relics and artifacts are only sporadically identified starting from the early 4th century. Moreover, the recently discovered Seunggyesanseong Fortress(승계산성) appears to have been initially constructed around the mid-4th century, based on the artifacts collected. In the end, based on the material evidence from the Asan area, it appears that the area came under Baekje's influence by the early 4th century at the latest, and then transitioned to direct control with the construction of fortresses in the mid-4th century. With this transition to direct control, it is likely that the process of Baekje-ization accelerated rapidly. Among the various timelines of Baekje's expansion into Asan reviewed in historical literature, the one that can be consistently interpreted with the material evidence is the early 4th century, during the reign of King Biryu. Therefore, the construction and hunting activities in the Asan area during King Onjo's reign are understood to reflect events from the reign of King Biryu. Additionally, Seunggyesanseong Fortress could be identified with Daedusanseong Fortress from historical records, while Tangjeongseong Fortress is presumed to be the current Eumnae-dong Fortress. Daedusanseong Fortress and Tangjeongseong Fortress, in a complementary relationship, likely reflect the situation where Baekje first advanced into the northern part of the Asan area along the Gukgyocheon Stream(曲橋川) and later moved into the southern part of the stream.