영산강유역의 취락과 교통로에 대한 검토 - 기원전 2세기~기원후 6세기를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the Mahan settlements in the Yeongsangang River basin by stages and introduce the traffic routes that allowed the various human and goods exchanges within the settlement. The findings of this study made it possible to identify the unique culture of the Mahan society of the Yeongsangang River basin and the social changes of the area caused by the inflow of external culture. The Mahan settlement of the Yeongsangang River basin was classified into a total of five stages according to the types of residence, changes to the heritage, production of pottery, and inflow of external culture. Stage 1 (Beginning Stage) is estimated to be formed in the 2nd century, B.C. according to recent data. During this stage, advanced goods from the external world came into the settlements, and the settlements were mostly focused in the ports or the riverside. There were relics related to roads within the settlement, such as Sodo (sacred place) or wagon wheels. It was also found that there were wheels and traces of wagons at the same time in Sinchang-dong, Gwangju, and there is a possibility that there was a traffic route on land as the traces may be connected to the traces of wagons in settlements within 7 km of the area. Stages 2 to 4 were when the Mahan settlement of the Yeongsangang River basin was formed and started to develop. The local characteristics of the Mahan society started to develop by communicating with external groups including Baekje, Gaya, and Japan. In terms of region, midstream regions including Naju and Hampyeong, and upstream regions including Damyang and Jangseong showed unique traits. Stage 5 was when the Mahan settlements showed characteristics similar to Baekje, and large settlements appeared, focusing on the upstream region. In Gwangju, satellite cities surrounding Donglim-dongSite appeared, and in Damyang and Jangseong, the typical Mahan group became smaller. This is why it was possible to identify more settlement and tomb-related information that is influenced from Baekje. This can be seen as there were direct and indirect influences from Baekje. In Stage 5 of the settlement, there is a great improvement in roads, especially in the upstream of the Yeongsangang River. Within the settlements, there were blocks or roads planned to divide residential areas or storage spaces, and traffic routes were used to connect the logistics network among the settlements. Traffic routes were used for not only settlements but also creating tombs and earthenware coffins, which is partially influenced by Baekje. It was possible to investigate large traffic routes based on the war narratives and burned residential areas within the settlement. The narrative related to the narrative to the South of King Geunchogo of Baekje (369) mentions the traffic routes connecting the east and the west, and the north and the east were used. In addition, the narrative related to the entry to Mujin State of King Dongseong of Baekje (498) mentions the traffic routes connecting the north and the south were used. In summary, the exchange of goods among settlements, the formation of regions and the center, and the influence of Baekje on the Mahan society may have been possible due to the traffic routes that connected the settlements like veins.